---
title: roadhog — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «roadhog» in the school dictionary: A driver who drives selfishly and dangerously, too fast or taking up too much of the road so others cannot pass. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# roadhog

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** driver, others, road, Toad, terrible roadhog, you · **What happens:** drive, take up, not pass, act, belong, zoom · **To what, where:** much, them, big van, narrow lane, terrible roadhog, car · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«roadhog» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [roadhog in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/roadhog.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A driver who drives selfishly and dangerously, too fast or taking up too much of the road so others cannot pass.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:roadhog:m1:1
# text = A driver who drives selfishly and dangerously, too fast or taking up too much of the road so others cannot pass.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	drives	drive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	selfishly	selfishly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	dangerously	dangerously	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	too	too	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	too	too	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
20	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
21	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
23	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | present | a driver |  |  |  |  | fast, selfishly *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **take up** | gerund | a driver *not said here* | much of the road |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **pass** | can | others |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
More loosely, anyone (also a cyclist) who acts as if the road belongs to them.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:roadhog:m2:1
# text = More loosely, anyone (also a cyclist) who acts as if the road belongs to them.
1	More	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
2	loosely	loosely	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nsubj	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cyclist	cyclist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	acts	act	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
13	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	belongs	belong	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **act** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **belong** | present | the road |  | them *= they* |  |  |  | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A roadhog in a big van zoomed past us on the narrow lane.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:roadhog:x1:1
# text = A roadhog in a big van zoomed past us on the narrow lane.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	roadhog	roadhog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	van	van	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	zoomed	zoom	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	past	past	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	lane	lane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **zoom** | participle |  | a big van *not said here* |  | the narrow lane |  | past us | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme past we=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toad was a terrible roadhog, crashing car after car.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:roadhog:x2:1
# text = Toad was a terrible roadhog, crashing car after car.
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	roadhog	roadhog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	crashing	crash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Toad | a terrible roadhog |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **crash** | gerund | a terrible roadhog *not said here* | car |  |  | after car |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent car=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't be a roadhog on your bike – let others pass on the path.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:roadhog:x3:1
# text = Don't be a roadhog on your bike – let others pass on the path.
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	roadhog	roadhog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
9	–	-	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
10	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
11	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | your bike |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | infinitive |  | a roadhog |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **let** | infinitive | you *not said here* | others |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **pass** | infinitive | others *not said here* |  |  | the path |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on path=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The newspaper called the speeding driver a dangerous roadhog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:roadhog:x4:1
# text = The newspaper called the speeding driver a dangerous roadhog.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	speeding	speeding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	roadhog	roadhog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle | the newspaper *not said here* | the speeding driver |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad grumbled about the roadhog who wouldn't let him change lanes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:roadhog:x5:1
# text = Dad grumbled about the roadhog who wouldn't let him change lanes.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grumbled	grumble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	roadhog	roadhog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
7	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	lanes	lane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grumble** *speech: other* | past | Dad |  |  |  |  | about the roadhog | vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about roadhog=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **let** | would | the roadhog | Dad |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **change** | infinitive | Dad *not said here* | lanes |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lane=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A roadhog frightened the horses and scattered the hens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:roadhog:x6:1
# text = A roadhog frightened the horses and scattered the hens.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	roadhog	roadhog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	frightened	frighten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	scattered	scatter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hens	hen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **frighten** | past | a roadhog | the horses |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus horse=Experiencer |
| 2 | **scatter** | past | a roadhog *not said here* |  | the hens |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent hen=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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