---
title: robust — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «robust» in the school dictionary: Strong and healthy: a robust child. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# robust

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** robust bike, robust lunchbox, you, bridge, Grandad, We · **What happens:** make, break, keep, work, not crack, drop · **To what, where:** robust bike, lunchbox, robust design, robust plan, case, robust flavour

<!-- .vabout -->
«robust» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [robust in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/robust.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Strong and healthy: a robust child.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:robust:m1:1
# text = Strong and healthy: a robust child.
1	Strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	healthy	healthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	robust	robust	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Strongly made, not easy to break: a robust bike.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:robust:m2:1
# text = Strongly made, not easy to break: a robust bike.
1	Strongly	strongly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	robust	robust	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a robust bike |  |  |  | easy, strongly *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **break** | to-infinitive | a robust bike *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Able to keep working well in many conditions: a robust plan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:robust:m3:1
# text = Able to keep working well in many conditions: a robust plan.
1	Able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	conditions	condition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	robust	robust	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **work** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | in many conditions and a robust plan; well *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in condition=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of food or wine — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Strong and full in flavour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:robust:m4:1
# text = Strong and full in flavour.
1	Strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	flavour	flavour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This robust lunchbox won't crack if you drop it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:robust:x1:1
# text = This robust lunchbox won't crack if you drop it.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	robust	robust	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lunchbox	lunchbox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	wo	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	crack	crack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	drop	drop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **crack** | future | this robust lunchbox |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **drop** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | lunchbox |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bridge is a robust design.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:robust:x2:1
# text = The bridge is a robust design.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	robust	robust	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	design	design	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the bridge | a robust design |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad is still robust and walks every day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:robust:x3:1
# text = Grandad is still robust and walks every day.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	still	still	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	robust	robust	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	walks	walk	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Grandad |  |  |  | still | robust *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **walk** | present | Grandad *not said here* |  |  |  | day |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We need a robust plan in case it rains.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:robust:x4:1
# text = We need a robust plan in case it rains.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	robust	robust	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	rains	rain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | We | a robust plan |  | case |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot plan=Theme |
| 2 | **rain** | present | it | case *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The soup had a robust flavour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:robust:x5:1
# text = The soup had a robust flavour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	soup	soup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	robust	robust	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	flavour	flavour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the soup | a robust flavour |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flavour=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A robust test works even with a few mistakes in the data.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:robust:x6:1
# text = A robust test works even with a few mistakes in the data.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	robust	robust	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	even	even	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	data	data	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | a robust test |  |  |  |  | with a few mistakes in the data | vn cooperate-73.1-3 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme»: agent=Agent with mistake=Co-Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lamp had first been hung up on that very evening that the watchman, then a robust young man, had entered upon the duties of his office.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:robust:x7:1
# text = The lamp had first been hung up on that very evening that the watchman, then a robust young man, had entered upon the duties of his office.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	advmod	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	hung	hang	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	watchman	watchman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	20	advmod	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	robust	robust	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
22	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	entered	enter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	_
24	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	duties	duty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	office	office	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang up** | past · perfect · passive |  | the lamp |  |  | evening | first *property* | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **enter** | past · perfect · passive |  | the watchman and a robust young man |  |  |  | upon the duties of man's office | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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