---
title: rock — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rock» in the school dictionary: The hard, solid material that the Earth's surface is made of. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rock

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** earthquake, rock, We, Rocks, Granite, you · **What happens:** make, move, shake, shock, sit, rock · **To what, where:** surface, side, rock, town, fossil, big rock

<!-- .vabout -->
«rock» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rock in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rock.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hard, solid material that the Earth's surface is made of.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rock:m1:1
# text = The hard, solid material that the Earth's surface is made of.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	solid	solid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | the Earth's surface |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary that=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A large stone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rock:m2:1
# text = A large stone.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"sitting on a rock".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rock:m2e:1
# text = "sitting on a rock".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  | a rock |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on rock=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kind of loud popular music with guitars and drums.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rock:m3:1
# text = A kind of loud popular music with guitars and drums.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	popular	popular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	guitars	guitar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	drums	drum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"rock music".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rock:m3e:1
# text = "rock music".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As a verb, to move gently from side to side or back and forth.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rock:m4:1
# text = As a verb, to move gently from side to side or back and forth.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	gently	gently	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | side |  | as a verb; to side or back; gently *property* | vn slide-11.2 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from side=Initial\_Location to side=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"rock the baby".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rock:m4e:1
# text = "rock the baby".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As a verb, to shake or shock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rock:m5:1
# text = As a verb, to shake or shock.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	shake	shake	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	shock	shock	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shake** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | as a verb | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **shock** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"The earthquake rocked the town."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rock:m5e:1
# text = "The earthquake rocked the town."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	earthquake	earthquake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	rocked	rock	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rock** *in a quote* | past | the earthquake | the town |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location town=Theme |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hard sweet in a stick (British seaside rock).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rock:m6:1
# text = A hard sweet in a stick (British seaside rock).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sweet	sweet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	seaside	seaside	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This rock has a fossil in it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rock:x1:1
# text = This rock has a fossil in it.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fossil	fossil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | this rock | a fossil |  | fossil |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fossil=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sat on a big rock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rock:x2:1
# text = We sat on a big rock.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | We |  |  | a big rock |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on rock=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rocks slowly break down into sand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rock:x3:1
# text = Rocks slowly break down into sand.
1	Rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	break	break	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break down** | present | Rocks |  |  |  |  | into sand *result*; slowly *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into sand=Result |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Granite is a very hard rock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rock:x4:1
# text = Granite is a very hard rock.
1	Granite	granite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Granite | a hard rock |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rock the baby to sleep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rock:x5:1
# text = Rock the baby to sleep.
1	Rock	rock	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rock** | imperative | you *not said here* | the baby |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location baby=Theme |
| 2 | **sleep** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the baby *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The earthquake rocked the city.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rock:x6:1
# text = The earthquake rocked the city.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	earthquake	earthquake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rocked	rock	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rock** | past | the earthquake | the city |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location city=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Look for crabs in the rock pools.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rock:x7:1
# text = Look for crabs in the rock pools.
1	Look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	crabs	crab	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	pools	pool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the rock pools |  | for crabs | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for crab=Theme in pool=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My dad loves rock music.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rock:x8:1
# text = My dad loves rock music.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	loves	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | present | My dad | rock music |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer music=Stimulus |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ship had struck upon a rock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rock:x9:1
# text = The ship had struck upon a rock.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	struck	strike	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strike** | past · perfect · passive |  | the ship |  |  |  | upon a rock | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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