---
title: romani — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «romani» in the school dictionary: The Romani (also spelt Romany) are a people whose ancestors came from India about a thousand years ago and who now live in many countries, especially in Europe and the Americas. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/romani/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [R](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/) / romani

# romani

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Romani, ancestors, Romani people, Romani music, class, She · **What happens:** be, come, live, do, influence, learn · **To what, where:** people, India, many countries, language, Europe, flamenco

<!-- .vabout -->
«romani» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [romani in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/romani.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Romani (also spelt Romany) are a people whose ancestors came from India about a thousand years ago and who now live in many countries, especially in Europe and the Americas.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:romani:m1:1
# text = The Romani (also spelt Romany) are a people whose ancestors came from India about a thousand years ago and who now live in many countries, especially in Europe and the Americas.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Romani	Romani	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	spelt	spelt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Romany	romany	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
11	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	about	about	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl:unmarked	_	_
20	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
23	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	24	advmod	_	_
24	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Romani | a people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | past | ancestors |  |  | India |  | ago *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from india=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **live** | present |  |  |  | many countries in Europe and the Americas | now |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in country=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Romani is also the language of these people, related to languages of India.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:romani:m2:1
# text = Romani is also the language of these people, related to languages of India.
1	Romani	romani	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	related	related	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Romani | the language |  |  |  | of this people | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To do with the Romani people or language.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:romani:m3:1
# text = To do with the Romani people or language.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Romani	Romani	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with the Romani people or language | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Romani people have lived in Europe for centuries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:romani:x1:1
# text = The Romani people have lived in Europe for centuries.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Romani	Romani	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	lived	live	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present · perfect | the Romani people |  |  | Europe | century |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in europe=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Romani music influenced flamenco and jazz.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:romani:x2:1
# text = Romani music influenced flamenco and jazz.
1	Romani	romani	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	influenced	influence	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	flamenco	flamenco	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	jazz	jazz	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **influence** | participle | Romani music *not said here* | flamenco and jazz |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flamenco=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class learnt a few words of Romani.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:romani:x3:1
# text = Our class learnt a few words of Romani.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	learnt	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Romani	Romani	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | Our class | a few words of Romani |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic |
| 2 | **word** |  |  | Romani |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Romani families were killed in the Holocaust.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:romani:x4:1
# text = Many Romani families were killed in the Holocaust.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	Romani	romani	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Holocaust	Holocaust	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | past · passive |  | Many Romani families |  | the Holocaust |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Romani Day is celebrated on 8 April.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:romani:x5:1
# text = Romani Day is celebrated on 8 April.
1	Romani	Romani	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Day	Day	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	celebrated	celebrate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
7	April	April	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **celebrate** | present · passive |  | Romani Day |  | 8  April |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is proud of her Romani heritage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:romani:x6:1
# text = She is proud of her Romani heritage.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	proud	proud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	Romani	romani	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	heritage	heritage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | She |  |  |  |  | of her Romani heritage; proud *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [romance](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/romance/)
- next →: [romanian](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/romanian/)
- ↑ back to [R in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/)