---
title: romany — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «romany» in the school dictionary: A member of the Romani people (Roma), who came from India long ago and spread through Europe and the world; some travel, many live settled lives. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/romany/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [R](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/) / romany

# romany

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** member, many, language, Romany language, We, Romani people · **What happens:** come, spread, live, settle, be, travell · **To what, where:** travel, India, Europe, settled lives, Romany families, Hindi · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«romany» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [romany in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/romany.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A member of the Romani people (Roma), who came from India long ago and spread through Europe and the world; some travel, many live settled lives.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:romany:m1:1
# text = A member of the Romani people (Roma), who came from India long ago and spread through Europe and the world; some travel, many live settled lives.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	member	member	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Romani	Romani	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Roma	Roma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	16	advmod	_	_
16	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
19	through	through	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
25	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	26	det	_	_
26	travel	travel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	nsubj	_	_
29	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	acl:relcl	_	_
30	settled	settle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	amod	_	_
31	lives	life	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | a member of the Romani people | some travel |  | India |  | ago *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from india=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **spread** | past | a member of the Romani people *not said here* |  |  | Europe and the world |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through europe=Location |
| 3 | **live** | present | many | settled lives |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme life=Location |
| 4 | **settle** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their language, Romani (Romany), which is related to languages of India.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:romany:m2:1
# text = Their language, Romani (Romany), which is related to languages of India.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	Romani	Romani	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Romany	Romany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	related	related	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Their language |  |  |  |  | to languages of India; related *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
of the Romani people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:romany:m3:1
# text = of the Romani people.
1	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Romani	Romani	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Romany culture, a Romany caravan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:romany:m3e:1
# text = Romany culture, a Romany caravan.
1	Romany	romany	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	culture	culture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Romany	romany	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	caravan	caravan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Romany families have travelled Europe for hundreds of years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:romany:x1:1
# text = Romany families have travelled Europe for hundreds of years.
1	Romany	romany	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	travelled	travell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travell** | present · perfect · passive |  | Romany families |  |  |  | for hundreds of years | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Romany language is related to Hindi.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:romany:x2:1
# text = The Romany language is related to Hindi.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Romany	romany	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	related	related	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Hindi	Hindi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the Romany language |  | Hindi |  |  | related *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We listened to Romany music in class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:romany:x3:1
# text = We listened to Romany music in class.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	listened	listen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	Romany	Romany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | past | We |  |  | class |  | to Romany music | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to music=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Romani people celebrate International Roma Day on 8 April.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:romany:x4:1
# text = Romani people celebrate International Roma Day on 8 April.
1	Romani	romani	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	celebrate	celebrate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	International	International	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	Roma	Roma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Day	Day	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
9	April	April	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **celebrate** | present | Romani people | International and Roma Day |  | 8  April |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent international=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her grandmother was a Romany and spoke the language.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:romany:x5:1
# text = Her grandmother was a Romany and spoke the language.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Romany	romany	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Her grandmother | a Romany |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Her grandmother *not said here* | the language |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An old Romany caravan stood in the museum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:romany:x6:1
# text = An old Romany caravan stood in the museum.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	Romany	romany	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	caravan	caravan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | a old Romany caravan |  |  | the museum |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in museum=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [romantic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/romantic/)
- next →: [rome](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/rome/)
- ↑ back to [R in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/)