---
title: rome — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rome» in the school dictionary: Rome is the capital city of Italy. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rome

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Rome, centre, Colosseum, Ancient Rome, big things, We · **What happens:** be, rule, call, have, not build, mean · **To what, where:** capital city, centre, much, Several smaller towns, capital, huge army · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«rome» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rome in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rome.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rome is the capital city of Italy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rome:m1:1
# text = Rome is the capital city of Italy.
1	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	capital	capital	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Rome | the capital city |  |  |  | of Italy | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rome was the centre of the ancient Roman Empire, which ruled much of Europe more than two thousand years ago.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rome:m2:1
# text = Rome was the centre of the ancient Roman Empire, which ruled much of Europe more than two thousand years ago.
1	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	centre	centre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
13	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	19	advmod	_	_
17	than	than	ADP	IN	_	16	fixed	_	_
18	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	compound	_	_
19	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl:unmarked	_	_
21	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Rome | the centre |  |  |  | of the ancient Roman Empire | tree rules |
| 2 | **rule** | past | the centre | much of Europe |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Several smaller towns, for example in the USA, are also called Rome.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rome:m3:1
# text = Several smaller towns, for example in the USA, are also called Rome.
1	Several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
12	also	also	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
14	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | Several smaller towns for example in the USA |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V» |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rome is the capital of Italy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rome:x1:1
# text = Rome is the capital of Italy.
1	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Rome | the capital |  |  |  | of Italy | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Colosseum in Rome is almost two thousand years old.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rome:x2:1
# text = The Colosseum in Rome is almost two thousand years old.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Colosseum	Colosseum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
6	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	compound	_	_
8	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the Colosseum in Rome |  |  |  | year | old *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ancient Rome had a huge army.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rome:x3:1
# text = Ancient Rome had a huge army.
1	Ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Ancient Rome | a huge army |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent army=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Rome wasn't built in a day» means big things take time.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rome:x4:1
# text = «Rome wasn't built in a day» means big things take time.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	nsubj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
10	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
14	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **build** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | Rome |  |  | day |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **take** | present | big things |  |  |  | time |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We learned about the gods of ancient Rome.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rome:x5:1
# text = We learned about the gods of ancient Rome.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | We |  |  |  |  | about the gods of ancient Rome | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about god=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rome:x6:1
# text = When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Romans	Roman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present |  |  |  | Rome |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **do** | present | the Romans |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I come from Rome," said the Moon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rome:x7:1
# text = "I come from Rome," said the Moon.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** *in a quote* | present | the Moon *= moon* |  |  | Rome |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from rome=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Moon |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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