---
title: rooftop — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rooftop» in the school dictionary: A rooftop is the outside top surface of a roof. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rooftop

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**Who acts:** rooftop, Pigeons, cat, school, city, Snow · **What happens:** be, sit, walk, have, cover, want · **To what, where:** outside top surface, rooftop, rooftops, solar panels, rooftop garden, it

<!-- .vabout -->
«rooftop» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rooftop in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rooftop.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rooftop is the outside top surface of a roof.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rooftop:m1:1
# text = A rooftop is the outside top surface of a roof.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rooftop	rooftop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	outside	outside	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	top	top	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a rooftop | the outside top surface |  |  |  | of a roof | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pigeons sat on the rooftop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rooftop:x1:1
# text = Pigeons sat on the rooftop.
1	Pigeons	pigeon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rooftop	rooftop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | Pigeons |  |  | the rooftop |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on rooftop=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat walked along the rooftops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rooftop:x2:1
# text = The cat walked along the rooftops.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	along	along	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rooftops	rooftop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | the cat |  |  | the rooftops |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along rooftop=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school has solar panels on the rooftop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rooftop:x3:1
# text = Our school has solar panels on the rooftop.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	solar	solar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	panels	panel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	rooftop	rooftop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our school | solar panels |  | the rooftop |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent panel=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The city has a rooftop garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rooftop:x4:1
# text = The city has a rooftop garden.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	rooftop	rooftop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the city | a rooftop garden |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent garden=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Snow covered the rooftops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rooftop:x5:1
# text = Snow covered the rooftops.
1	Snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	covered	cover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rooftops	rooftop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past | Snow | the rooftops |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme rooftop=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was so happy she wanted to shout it from the rooftops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rooftop:x6:1
# text = She was so happy she wanted to shout it from the rooftops.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	so	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	wanted	want	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	shout	shout	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	rooftops	rooftop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | She |  |  |  |  | happy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **want** | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **shout** *speech: express* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | she *not said here* | it |  | the rooftops |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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