---
title: rook — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rook» in the school dictionary: A rook is a large black bird of the crow family with a grey, bare patch of skin at the base of its beak; rooks live together in noisy groups. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rook

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** rook, rooks, castle tower, rookery, we, player · **What happens:** be, live together, shape, move, call, rook · **To what, where:** large black bird, noisy groups, chess piece, rows, rook, someone · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«rook» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rook in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rook.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rook is a large black bird of the crow family with a grey, bare patch of skin at the base of its beak; rooks live together in noisy groups.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rook:m1:1
# text = A rook is a large black bird of the crow family with a grey, bare patch of skin at the base of its beak; rooks live together in noisy groups.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rook	rook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
14	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	patch	patch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	base	base	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	beak	beak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
27	rooks	rook	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj	_	_
28	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
29	together	together	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	noisy	noisy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a rook | a large black bird |  |  |  | of the crow family with a grey bare patch of skin at the base of rook's beak | tree rules |
| 2 | **live together** | present | rooks |  |  | noisy groups |  | together *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in group=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rook is a chess piece shaped like a castle tower that moves straight along rows and columns; it is also called a castle.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rook:m2:1
# text = A rook is a chess piece shaped like a castle tower that moves straight along rows and columns; it is also called a castle.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rook	rook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	chess	chess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	tower	tower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	along	along	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	rows	row	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	columns	column	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
22	also	also	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a rook | a chess piece |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **shape** | participle |  | a chess piece *not said here* |  |  |  | like a castle tower | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **move** | present | a castle tower |  |  | rows and columns |  | straight *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme along row=Trajectory |
| 4 | **call** | present · passive |  | rook |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, old-fashioned — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To rook someone is to cheat them out of money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rook:m3:1
# text = To rook someone is to cheat them out of money.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	rook	rook	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cheat	cheat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rook** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | money |  | cheat *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rook landed on the field and pecked for worms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rook:x1:1
# text = A rook landed on the field and pecked for worms.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rook	rook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	landed	land	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	pecked	peck	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	worms	worm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **land** | participle | a rook |  |  | the field |  |  | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on field=Destination |
| 2 | **peck** | participle | a rook *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for worms | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rooks build their nests together high in the elm trees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rook:x2:1
# text = Rooks build their nests together high in the elm trees.
1	Rooks	rook	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	build	build	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	nests	nest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	together	together	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	elm	elm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | present | Rooks | Rooks's nests |  |  |  | high *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nest=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rookery was so noisy in spring that we heard it from the school.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rook:x3:1
# text = The rookery was so noisy in spring that we heard it from the school.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rookery	rookery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	noisy	noisy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obj	_	_
9	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the rookery |  |  |  | spring | noisy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hear** | past | we | spring |  | the school |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My rook moved all the way across the board and captured her queen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rook:x4:1
# text = My rook moved all the way across the board and captured her queen.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	rook	rook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	across	across	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	board	board	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	captured	capture	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | My rook | all way |  | the board |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent way=Theme across board=Trajectory |
| 2 | **capture** | past | My rook *not said here* | rook's queen |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent queen=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In chess each player starts with two rooks in the corners.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rook:x5:1
# text = In chess each player starts with two rooks in the corners.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	chess	chess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	starts	start	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	rooks	rook	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	corners	corner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | each player |  |  | chess |  | with two rooks in the corners | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with rook=Subeventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can castle by moving your king two squares and jumping the rook over it.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rook:x6:1
# text = You can castle by moving your king two squares and jumping the rook over it.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	squares	square	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	jumping	jump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	rook	rook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	over	over	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | gerund | castle *not said here* | your king |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP ADJ.result»: agent=Agent king=Theme square=Result |
| 2 | **jump** | gerund | castle *not said here* | the rook |  |  |  | over rook | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent rook=Theme over it=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(informal) The man at the fair rooked us out of five pounds.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rook:x7:1
# text = (informal) The man at the fair rooked us out of five pounds.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	informal	informal	NUM	LS	_	9	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fair	fair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	rooked	rook	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	pounds	pound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rook** | past | the man at the fair | us |  | five pounds |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crows and rooks came by turns and sat on them, and talked of the hard times which were beginning, and how difficult it was in winter to obtain food.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rook:x8:1
# text = Crows and rooks came by turns and sat on them, and talked of the hard times which were beginning, and how difficult it was in winter to obtain food.
1	Crows	crow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	rooks	rook	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	turns	turn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	talked	talk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
19	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	beginning	begin	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	24	advmod	_	_
24	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
26	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	parataxis	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	obtain	obtain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	acl	_	_
31	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Crows and rooks |  |  |  |  | by turns | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by turn=Location |
| 2 | **sit** | past | Crows and rooks *not said here* |  |  |  |  | on Crows *= crow* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on they=Location |
| 3 | **talk** | past | Crows and rooks *not said here* |  |  |  | time |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **begin** | past · progressive | the hard times |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 5 | **is** | past | it |  |  |  |  | in winter | tree rules |
| 6 | **obtain** | to-infinitive | Crows and rooks *not said here* | food |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset food=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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