---
title: rosary — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rosary» in the school dictionary: A string of beads used by Catholic Christians to count prayers. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rosary

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** set, people, beads, Granny, rosary, five groups · **What happens:** use, count, say, pray, have, call · **To what, where:** beads, prayers, Rosary beads, rosary, five groups, decades · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«rosary» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rosary in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rosary.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A string of beads used by Catholic Christians to count prayers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rosary:m1:1
# text = A string of beads used by Catholic Christians to count prayers.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	string	string	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	beads	bead	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Catholic	Catholic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	obl:agent	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	count	count	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
11	prayers	prayer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | beads *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **count** | to-infinitive |  | prayers |  |  |  |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prayer=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The set of prayers said with these beads, including the Hail Mary and the Lord's Prayer.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rosary:m2:1
# text = The set of prayers said with these beads, including the Hail Mary and the Lord's Prayer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	prayers	prayer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	beads	bead	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	including	including	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Hail	hail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod:desc	_	_
13	Mary	Mary	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	's	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	Prayer	Prayer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the set of prayers |  |  |  |  | with this beads including the Mary  Hail and the Lord's Prayer | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent with bead=Manner |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rare, old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rose garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rosary:m3:1
# text = A rose garden.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rose	rose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rosary beads are also used by people of other faiths, such as Buddhists, to count their prayers.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rosary:m4:1
# text = Rosary beads are also used by people of other faiths, such as Buddhists, to count their prayers.
1	Rosary	rosary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	beads	bead	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	faiths	faith	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	Buddhists	Buddhist	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	count	count	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
18	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	prayers	prayer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive | people of other faiths such Buddhists | Rosary beads |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **count** | to-infinitive |  | beads's prayers |  |  |  |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prayer=Theme |
| 3 | **pray** |  | beads *= bead* |  |  |  |  |  | nom prayer «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Granny says the rosary every evening.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rosary:x1:1
# text = Granny says the rosary every evening.
1	Granny	Granny	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rosary	rosary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Granny | the rosary |  |  | evening |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent rosary=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rosary has five groups of ten beads, called decades.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rosary:x2:1
# text = The rosary has five groups of ten beads, called decades.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rosary	rosary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	beads	bead	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
11	decades	decade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the rosary | five groups of ten beads |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent group=Patient |
| 2 | **call** | participle | five groups of ten beads *not said here* | decades |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She held her rosary beads during the service.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rosary:x3:1
# text = She held her rosary beads during the service.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	rosary	rosary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	beads	bead	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	during	during	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **bead** | present | her rosary |  |  |  | during the service |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Catholics pray the rosary to think about Jesus's life.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rosary:x4:1
# text = Catholics pray the rosary to think about Jesus's life.
1	Catholics	Catholic	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rosary	rosary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pray** | present | Catholics | the rosary |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | Catholics *not said here* | the rosary *not said here* |  |  |  | about Jesus's life | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about life=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rosary was a gift for his First Holy Communion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rosary:x5:1
# text = The rosary was a gift for his First Holy Communion.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rosary	rosary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
8	First	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	amod	_	_
9	Holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	Communion	Communion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the rosary | a gift |  |  |  | for his First Holy Communion | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Muslims use prayer beads called misbaha, which are like a rosary.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rosary:x6:1
# text = Muslims use prayer beads called misbaha, which are like a rosary.
1	Muslims	Muslim	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	beads	bead	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	misbaha	misbaha	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	rosary	rosary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Muslims | prayer beads |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bead=Patient |
| 2 | **call** | participle | prayer beads *not said here* | misbaha and a rosary |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | misbaha and a rosary |  |  |  |  | like a rosary | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They took their rosaries in hand and knelt before their household shrines, and burned precious incense, praying to Buddha to give them their heart’s desire.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rosary:x7:1
# text = They took their rosaries in hand and knelt before their household shrines, and burned precious incense, praying to Buddha to give them their heart’s desire.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	rosaries	rosary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	knelt	kneel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
9	before	before	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	household	household	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	shrines	shrine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	burned	burn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	precious	precious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	praying	pray	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	advcl	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	advcl	_	_
24	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	iobj	_	_
25	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	’s	's	PART	POS	_	26	case	_	_
28	desire	desire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | They | their rosaries |  | hand |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent rosary=Value in hand=Location |
| 2 | **kneel** | participle | They *not said here* |  |  | rosaries's household shrines |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before shrine=Location |
| 3 | **burn** | past | They *not said here* | precious incense |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent incense=Theme |
| 4 | **pray** | gerund | They *not said here* |  | Buddha |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 5 | **give** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* | rosaries's heart's desire | rosaries *= rosary* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient desire=Theme |
| 6 | **desire** |  | rosaries's heart |  |  |  |  |  | nom desire «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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