---
title: rot — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rot» in the school dictionary: To go soft, bad and break down slowly because of bacteria and fungi, like old fruit, wood or dead leaves; to decay. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rot

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sugar, part, apples, Fungi, dead leaves, Sweets · **What happens:** go, break down, decay, make, rot, not talk · **To what, where:** something decay, teeth, rot, apples, ground, bottom · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«rot» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rot in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rot.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To go soft, bad and break down slowly because of bacteria and fungi, like old fruit, wood or dead leaves; to decay.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rot:m1:1
# text = To go soft, bad and break down slowly because of bacteria and fungi, like old fruit, wood or dead leaves; to decay.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	advcl	_	_
3	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
8	down	down	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
10	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	fungi	fungus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	decay	decay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	26	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | soft *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **break down** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | because bacteria and fungi and old fruit and wood or dead leaves; slowly *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **decay** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make something decay (Sugar rots your teeth).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rot:m2:1
# text = To make something decay (Sugar rots your teeth).
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	compound	_	_
4	decay	decay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	rots	rot	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | something decay |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset decay=Product |
| 2 | **rot** | present | Sugar | your teeth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rot (noun): the decay itself, or a part that has gone bad.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rot:m3:1
# text = Rot (noun): the decay itself, or a part that has gone bad.
1	Rot	rot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	decay	decay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
8	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	7	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
14	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present · perfect | a part |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, old British — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nonsense (Don't talk rot!).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rot:m4:1
# text = Nonsense (Don't talk rot!).
1	Nonsense	nonsense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	talk	talk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	appos	_	_
6	rot	rot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **talk** | infinitive · do-support |  | rot |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent rot=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The apples left on the ground began to rot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rot:x1:1
# text = The apples left on the ground began to rot.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	rot	rot	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | participle |  | the apples *not said here* |  | the ground |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent on ground=Location |
| 2 | **begin** | past | the apples |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **rot** | to-infinitive | the apples *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fungi and bacteria help dead leaves rot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rot:x2:1
# text = Fungi and bacteria help dead leaves rot.
1	Fungi	fungus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	rot	rot	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Fungi and bacteria |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **rot** | present | dead leaves |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sweets can rot your teeth if you don't brush.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rot:x3:1
# text = Sweets can rot your teeth if you don't brush.
1	Sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	rot	rot	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	brush	brush	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rot** | can | Sweets | your teeth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **brush** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old wooden fence was rotting at the bottom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rot:x4:1
# text = The old wooden fence was rotting at the bottom.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	rotting	rot	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rot** | past · progressive | the old wooden fence |  |  | the bottom |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Food rots faster in a warm room than in the fridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rot:x5:1
# text = Food rots faster in a warm room than in the fridge.
1	Food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rots	rot	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	faster	fast	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	fridge	fridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rot** | present | Food |  |  | a warm room than the fridge |  | fast *property* | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Worms help rot down the vegetable peelings in the compost.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rot:x6:1
# text = Worms help rot down the vegetable peelings in the compost.
1	Worms	worm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	rot	rot	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	vegetable	vegetable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	peelings	peeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	compost	compost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Worms |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **rot** | infinitive | Worms *not said here* |  |  |  |  | down the vegetable peelings in the compost | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«What rot!» said Grandpa, laughing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rot:x7:1
# text = «What rot!» said Grandpa, laughing.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	3	det	_	_
3	rot	rot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	laughing	laugh	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | what rot |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **laugh** | gerund | what rot *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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