---
title: rotate — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rotate» in the school dictionary: To turn around a centre or a point; to spin. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rotate

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Earth, you, wheel, Players, Farmers · **What happens:** turn, spin, fix, take, grow, rotate · **To what, where:** centre, shape, fixed point, turns, regular order, different crops

<!-- .vabout -->
«rotate» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rotate in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rotate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To turn around a centre or a point; to spin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotate:m1:1
# text = To turn around a centre or a point; to spin.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
3	around	around	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	centre	centre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	spin	spin	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a centre or a point |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme around centre=Trajectory |
| 2 | **spin** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Earth rotates once a day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotate:m1e:1
# text = The Earth rotates once a day.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rotates	rotate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	3	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rotate** | present | the Earth |  |  |  |  | once *property* | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To turn a shape around a fixed point by a certain angle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotate:m2:1
# text = To turn a shape around a fixed point by a certain angle.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	around	around	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	angle	angle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | to-infinitive |  | a shape |  | a fixed point |  | by a certain angle | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.agent V NP.theme PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Agent shape=Theme around point=Source by angle=Trajectory |
| 2 | **fix** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To take turns or change places in a regular order.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotate:m3:1
# text = To take turns or change places in a regular order.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	turns	turn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	regular	regular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | to-infinitive |  | turns or change places |  | a regular order |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent turn=Value in order=Location |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Players rotate positions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotate:m3e:1
# text = Players rotate positions.
1	Players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	rotate	rotate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	positions	position	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: farming — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To grow different crops in a field in different seasons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotate:m4:1
# text = To grow different crops in a field in different seasons.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	seasons	season	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | to-infinitive |  | different crops |  | a field | season |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location crop=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rotate the triangle 90° clockwise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotate:x1:1
# text = Rotate the triangle 90° clockwise.
1	Rotate	rotate	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	triangle	triangle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	90	90	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	°	°	SYM	SYM	_	6	compound	_	_
6	clockwise	clockwise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rotate** | imperative | you *not said here* | the triangle |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location triangle=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Earth rotates once every 24 hours.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotate:x2:1
# text = The Earth rotates once every 24 hours.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rotates	rotate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	advmod	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	24	24	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rotate** | present | the Earth |  |  |  | hour |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wheel rotates around its axle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotate:x3:1
# text = A wheel rotates around its axle.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rotates	rotate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	around	around	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	axle	axle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rotate** | present | a wheel |  |  | wheel's axle |  |  | vn coil-9.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around axle=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Players rotate every 10 minutes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotate:x4:1
# text = Players rotate every 10 minutes.
1	Players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rotate	rotate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
4	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rotate** | present | Players |  |  |  | minute |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If a wheel rotates 3 times a second, how many turns in a minute?

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotate:x5:1
# text = If a wheel rotates 3 times a second, how many turns in a minute?
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	rotates	rotate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	second	second	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
11	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	turns	turn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rotate** | present | a wheel |  |  |  | second; time |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rotate the square a quarter turn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotate:x6:1
# text = Rotate the square a quarter turn.
1	Rotate	rotate	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	square	square	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	quarter	quarter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rotate** | imperative | you *not said here* | the square |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP ADJ.result»: agent=Agent square=Theme turn=Result |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Farmers rotate crops to keep the soil healthy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotate:x7:1
# text = Farmers rotate crops to keep the soil healthy.
1	Farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rotate	rotate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	healthy	healthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rotate** | present | Farmers | crops |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location crop=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive | Farmers *not said here* | the soil |  |  |  | healthy *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soil=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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