---
title: rotted — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rotted» in the school dictionary: Rotted is the past form of «rot»: something rotted when it went bad and broke down slowly because of germs, fungi, damp or age. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rotted

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** something, rot, adjective, people, leaves, teeth · **What happens:** rot, be, go, break down, mean, decay · **To what, where:** Rotted past form, apples, ground, old wooden fence, rain, compost · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«rotted» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rotted in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rotted.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rotted is the past form of «rot»: something rotted when it went bad and broke down slowly because of germs, fungi, damp or age.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotted:m1:1
# text = Rotted is the past form of «rot»: something rotted when it went bad and broke down slowly because of germs, fungi, damp or age.
1	Rotted	rot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	rot	rot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	nsubj	_	_
12	rotted	rot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
13	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
16	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
19	down	down	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
21	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	23	case	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	fixed	_	_
23	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	fungi	fungus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	damp	damp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	acl:relcl	_	_
28	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rot** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the Rotted past form |  |  |  | of rot | tree rules |
| 3 | **rot** | participle | something |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **go** | past | rot |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **break down** | past | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  | because germs and fungi; slowly *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As an adjective it means decayed, but people usually say «rotten».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotted:m2:1
# text = As an adjective it means decayed, but people usually say «rotten».
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	decayed	decay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	rotten	rotten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | adjective |  |  |  |  | as a adjective | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **decay** *not said to happen* | participle | adjective *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | people |  |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The apples rotted on the ground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotted:x1:1
# text = The apples rotted on the ground.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	rotted	rot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rot** | participle |  | the apples *not said here* |  | the ground |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old wooden fence rotted in the rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotted:x2:1
# text = The old wooden fence rotted in the rain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	rotted	rot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rot** | participle |  | the old wooden fence *not said here* |  | the rain |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leaves rotted and turned into compost.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotted:x3:1
# text = The leaves rotted and turned into compost.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rotted	rot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	compost	compost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rot** | past | the leaves |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **turn** | past | the leaves *not said here* |  |  | compost |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into compost=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His teeth rotted because he ate too many sweets and didn't brush.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotted:x4:1
# text = His teeth rotted because he ate too many sweets and didn't brush.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rotted	rot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	too	too	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	brush	brush	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rot** | past | His teeth |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **eat** | past | he | many sweets |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweet=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **brush** | past · do-support | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bridge was unsafe because the planks had rotted.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotted:x5:1
# text = The bridge was unsafe because the planks had rotted.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	unsafe	unsafe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	planks	plank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	rotted	rot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the bridge |  |  |  |  | unsafe *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **rot** | past · perfect · passive |  | the planks |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We watched a pumpkin as it rotted over three weeks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotted:x6:1
# text = We watched a pumpkin as it rotted over three weeks.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pumpkin	pumpkin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	rotted	rot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | We | a pumpkin |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pumpkin=Theme |
| 2 | **rot** | past | pumpkin |  |  |  | week |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He sat down there quite naked, for all his clothes had rotted and dropped off inside the fish.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotted:x7:1
# text = He sat down there quite naked, for all his clothes had rotted and dropped off inside the fish.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	down	down	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
5	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	naked	naked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	11	det:predet	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	rotted	rot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	dropped	drop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
16	off	off	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
17	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit down** | past | He |  |  | there |  | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **rot** | past · perfect · passive |  | his clothes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **drop off** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | inside the fish | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme inside fish=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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