---
title: rotting — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rotting» in the school dictionary: Rotting means going bad and breaking down, as dead plants, animals or food slowly decay. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rotting

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** apples, rotting log, bin, Worms, rotting leaves, many sweets · **What happens:** rot, mean, go, break down, damage, become · **To what, where:** Rotting wood, something, neglect, shed, ground, soil

<!-- .vabout -->
«rotting» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rotting in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rotting.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rotting means going bad and breaking down, as dead plants, animals or food slowly decay.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotting:m1:1
# text = Rotting means going bad and breaking down, as dead plants, animals or food slowly decay.
1	Rotting	rot	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	_
7	down	down	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
16	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	decay	decay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rot** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **go** *not said to happen* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **break down** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rotting wood or teeth are being slowly damaged and becoming soft or weak.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotting:m2:1
# text = Rotting wood or teeth are being slowly damaged and becoming soft or weak.
1	Rotting	rot	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	amod	_	_
2	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	damaged	damage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
11	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rot** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **damage** | present · passive |  | Rotting wood or teeth |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **become** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | soft *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: figurative — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rotting can describe something getting worse slowly from neglect, like «left rotting in a shed».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotting:m3:1
# text = Rotting can describe something getting worse slowly from neglect, like «left rotting in a shed».
1	Rotting	rot	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	describe	describe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	xcomp	_	_
7	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	neglect	neglect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
14	rotting	rot	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	xcomp	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	shed	shed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rot** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **describe** | can |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 3 | **get** | gerund |  |  |  | neglect |  | bad, slowly *property* | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme from neglect=Destination |
| 4 | **leave** *in a quote* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **rot** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  | a shed |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The apples were rotting on the ground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotting:x1:1
# text = The apples were rotting on the ground.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	rotting	rot	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rot** | past · progressive | the apples |  |  | the ground |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rotting log is home to many insects.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotting:x2:1
# text = A rotting log is home to many insects.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rotting	rot	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	log	log	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	home	home	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rot** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | a rotting log |  |  |  |  | to many insects; home *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bin smelled of rotting food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotting:x3:1
# text = The bin smelled of rotting food.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bin	bin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	smelled	smell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	rotting	rot	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | past | the bin |  |  |  |  | of rotting food | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Location of food=Theme |
| 2 | **rot** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Worms help rotting leaves turn into soil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotting:x4:1
# text = Worms help rotting leaves turn into soil.
1	Worms	worm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	rotting	rot	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	amod	_	_
4	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	xcomp	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Worms |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **rot** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **turn** | present | rotting leaves |  |  | soil |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into soil=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Too many sweets can lead to rotting teeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotting:x5:1
# text = Too many sweets can lead to rotting teeth.
1	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	lead	lead	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	rotting	rot	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | can | many sweets |  |  |  |  | to rotting teeth | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to tooth=Patient |
| 2 | **rot** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old boat was left rotting on the beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotting:x6:1
# text = The old boat was left rotting on the beach.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	rotting	rot	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	xcomp	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past · passive |  | the old boat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rot** | gerund | the old boat *not said here* |  |  | the beach |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rotting food should be thrown away, not eaten.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rotting:x7:1
# text = Rotting food should be thrown away, not eaten.
1	Rotting	rot	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	amod	_	_
2	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rot** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **throw away** | should · passive |  | Rotting food |  |  |  | away *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **eat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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