---
title: roughness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «roughness» in the school dictionary: The roughness of something is how uneven or harsh its surface feels, the opposite of smoothness. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# roughness

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**Who acts:** roughness, surface, She, Sand paper · **What happens:** be, feel, run, find, scratch, have · **To what, where:** opposite, hand, cloth, roughness, more roughness

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«roughness» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [roughness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/roughness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The roughness of something is how uneven or harsh its surface feels, the opposite of smoothness.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:roughness:m1:1
# text = The roughness of something is how uneven or harsh its surface feels, the opposite of smoothness.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	roughness	roughness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
7	uneven	uneven	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	feels	feel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	opposite	opposite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	smoothness	smoothness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the roughness of something |  |  |  |  | uneven *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the roughness of something *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **feel** | present | roughness's surface | the opposite of smoothness |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opposite=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She ran her hand over the cloth and found no roughness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:roughness:x1:1
# text = She ran her hand over the cloth and found no roughness.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	11	det	_	_
11	roughness	roughness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | She | her hand |  | the cloth |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent hand=Theme over cloth=Trajectory |
| 2 | **find** | past | She *not said here* | no roughness |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent roughness=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The roughness of the bark scratched my hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:roughness:x2:1
# text = The roughness of the bark scratched my hand.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	roughness	roughness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	scratched	scratch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scratch** | past | the roughness of the bark | my hand |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sand paper has more roughness than silk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:roughness:x3:1
# text = Sand paper has more roughness than silk.
1	Sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	roughness	roughness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	silk	silk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Sand paper | more roughness |  |  |  | than silk | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent roughness=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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