---
title: roundness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «roundness» in the school dictionary: The quality of being round or curved like a circle or ball. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# roundness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** quality, roundness, ball, Pebbles, water, artist · **What happens:** be, curve, exemplify, help, roll, know · **To what, where:** sound, ball, roundness, apple, shape

<!-- .vabout -->
«roundness» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [roundness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/roundness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The quality of being round or curved like a circle or ball.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:roundness:m1:1
# text = The quality of being round or curved like a circle or ball.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	quality	quality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	cop	_	_
5	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund | the quality |  |  |  |  | round *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **curve** | participle | the quality *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like a circle or ball | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A full, smooth quality, for example of a sound or a taste.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:roundness:m2:1
# text = A full, smooth quality, for example of a sound or a taste.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	quality	quality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	taste	taste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exemplify** |  |  | a sound or a taste |  |  |  |  | nom example «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The roundness of the ball helps it roll.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:roundness:x1:1
# text = The roundness of the ball helps it roll.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	roundness	roundness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	roll	roll	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | the roundness of the ball | ball |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **roll** | infinitive | ball *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Earth's roundness was known to the ancient Greeks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:roundness:x2:1
# text = The Earth's roundness was known to the ancient Greeks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	roundness	roundness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	Greeks	Greek	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past · passive |  | the Earth's roundness |  |  |  | to the ancient Greeks | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pebbles get their roundness from being rolled by water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:roundness:x3:1
# text = Pebbles get their roundness from being rolled by water.
1	Pebbles	pebble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	roundness	roundness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	rolled	roll	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | Pebbles | Pebbles's roundness |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer roundness=Stimulus |
| 2 | **roll** | gerund · passive | water |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The artist shaded the apple to show its roundness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:roundness:x4:1
# text = The artist shaded the apple to show its roundness.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	artist	artist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shaded	shade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	roundness	roundness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shade** | past | the artist | the apple |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **show** | to-infinitive | the artist *not said here* | artist's roundness |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent roundness=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The roundness of the cello's sound was lovely.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:roundness:x5:1
# text = The roundness of the cello's sound was lovely.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	roundness	roundness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cello	cello	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	lovely	lovely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the roundness of the cello's sound |  |  |  |  | lovely *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We measured the roundness of each orange.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:roundness:x6:1
# text = We measured the roundness of each orange.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	measured	measure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	roundness	roundness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	orange	orange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **measure** | past | We | the roundness of each orange |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme roundness=Value |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Even the moon is not always perfect in shape, but loses its roundness with time, and flowers bloom and then fade.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:roundness:x7:1
# text = Even the moon is not always perfect in shape, but loses its roundness with time, and flowers bloom and then fade.
1	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
6	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	7	advmod	_	_
7	perfect	perfect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	loses	lose	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	roundness	roundness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	bloom	bloom	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	23	advmod	_	_
23	fade	fade	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | the moon |  |  | shape |  | always, perfect *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | present | the moon *not said here* | moon's roundness |  |  | time |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent roundness=Eventuality |
| 3 | **bloom** | present | flowers |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **fade** | infinitive | flowers *not said here* |  |  |  | then |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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