---
title: rubbish — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rubbish» in the school dictionary: Rubbish is things you throw away because they are no longer wanted or useful. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rubbish

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Rubbish things, things, Rubbish, I, idea, you · **What happens:** be, throw away, mean, rubbish, put, take out · **To what, where:** Rubbish things, nonsense, drawing, idea, rubbish, bin · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«rubbish» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rubbish in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rubbish.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rubbish is things you throw away because they are no longer wanted or useful.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rubbish:m1:1
# text = Rubbish is things you throw away because they are no longer wanted or useful.
1	Rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	throw	throw	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	no	no	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	12	advmod	_	_
12	wanted	want	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	useful	useful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | Rubbish things |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **throw away** | present | Rubbish things |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | present | things *= thing* |  |  |  |  | long, want *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | things *= thing* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rubbish means nonsense, something silly or untrue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rubbish:m2:1
# text = Rubbish means nonsense, something silly or untrue.
1	Rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nonsense	nonsense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	conj	_	_
6	silly	silly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	untrue	untrue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Rubbish | nonsense |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nonsense=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rubbish (informal, British) means very bad, as in "I'm rubbish at drawing".

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rubbish:m3:1
# text = Rubbish (informal, British) means very bad, as in "I'm rubbish at drawing".
1	Rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	16	case	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	drawing	drawing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Rubbish |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | I |  |  | drawing |  | as rubbish | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To rubbish an idea is to say it is worthless.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rubbish:m4:1
# text = To rubbish an idea is to say it is worthless.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	rubbish	rubbish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	worthless	worthless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rubbish** | to-infinitive |  | a idea |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** *speech: assert* | present |  |  |  |  |  | say *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | idea |  |  |  |  | worthless *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put the rubbish in the bin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rubbish:x1:1
# text = Put the rubbish in the bin.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bin	bin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | the rubbish |  | the bin |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent rubbish=Theme in bin=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you take the rubbish out, please?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rubbish:x2:1
# text = Can you take the rubbish out, please?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take out** | can | you | the rubbish |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rubbish=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sort our rubbish for recycling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rubbish:x3:1
# text = We sort our rubbish for recycling.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sort	sort	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	recycling	recycling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sort** | present | We | our rubbish |  |  |  | for recycling | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rubbish=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't talk rubbish!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rubbish:x4:1
# text = Don't talk rubbish!
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	talk	talk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **talk** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | rubbish |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent rubbish=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That film was rubbish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rubbish:x5:1
# text = That film was rubbish.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | that film | rubbish |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm rubbish at skipping, but I'm getting better.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rubbish:x6:1
# text = I'm rubbish at skipping, but I'm getting better.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	skipping	skip	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	getting	get	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
11	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | I | rubbish |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **skip** | gerund | rubbish *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **get** | present · progressive | I |  |  |  |  | good *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The beach was covered in rubbish after the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rubbish:x7:1
# text = The beach was covered in rubbish after the storm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the beach |  |  | after the storm | in rubbish | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in rubbish=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But he only found a large basket full of rubbish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rubbish:x8:1
# text = But he only found a large basket full of rubbish.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	basket	basket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | he | a large basket |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent basket=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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