---
title: rubella — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rubella» in the school dictionary: Rubella, also called German measles, is an illness caused by a virus that gives a red spotty rash and fever; it is usually mild in children but dangerous for unborn babies. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/rubella/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [R](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/) / rubella

# rubella

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Rubella, virus, MMR jab, Few children, doctor · **What happens:** call, be, cause, give, protect, harm · **To what, where:** German measles, illness, red spotty rash, Rubella, pink spotty rash, unborn babies · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«rubella» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rubella in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rubella.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rubella, also called German measles, is an illness caused by a virus that gives a red spotty rash and fever; it is usually mild in children but dangerous for unborn babies.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rubella:m1:1
# text = Rubella, also called German measles, is an illness caused by a virus that gives a red spotty rash and fever; it is usually mild in children but dangerous for unborn babies.
1	Rubella	rubella	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
5	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	measles	measle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	spotty	spotty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	rash	rash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	fever	fever	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
26	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	mild	mild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	parataxis	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	_
30	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	conj	_	_
32	for	for	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	unborn	unborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle | Rubella *not said here* | German measles |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Rubella | a illness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **cause** | participle |  | a illness *not said here* |  |  |  | by a virus | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 4 | **give** | present | a virus | a red spotty rash and fever |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rash=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | present | Rubella |  |  |  |  | in children; mild, usually *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **be** |  | Rubella *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for unborn babies | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rubella is also called German measles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rubella:x1:1
# text = Rubella is also called German measles.
1	Rubella	rubella	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	measles	measle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | Rubella |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The MMR jab protects against rubella.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rubella:x2:1
# text = The MMR jab protects against rubella.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	MMR	MMR	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	jab	jab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	protects	protect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	rubella	rubella	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present | the MMR jab |  |  |  |  | against rubella | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent against rubella=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rubella causes a pink spotty rash.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rubella:x3:1
# text = Rubella causes a pink spotty rash.
1	Rubella	rubella	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	spotty	spotty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rash	rash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present | Rubella | a pink spotty rash |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition rash=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rubella can harm unborn babies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rubella:x4:1
# text = Rubella can harm unborn babies.
1	Rubella	rubella	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	unborn	unborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harm** | can | Rubella | unborn babies |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus baby=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Few children catch rubella because of vaccines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rubella:x5:1
# text = Few children catch rubella because of vaccines.
1	Few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	catch	catch	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	rubella	rubella	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	7	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	vaccines	vaccine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | present | Few children | rubella |  |  |  | because vaccines | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rubella=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor checked whether it was rubella.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rubella:x6:1
# text = The doctor checked whether it was rubella.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	checked	check	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	rubella	rubella	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | past | the doctor |  |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | doctor | rubella |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [rubble](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/rubble/)
- next →: [rubenesque](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/rubenesque/)
- ↑ back to [R in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/)