---
title: rudder — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rudder» in the school dictionary: A rudder is a flat, upright blade at the back of a boat or ship that is turned to steer it left or right. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rudder

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** rudder, upright part, sailor, storm, we, our · **What happens:** be, turn, steer, help, leave, guide · **To what, where:** flat upright blade, back, boat, rudder, movable flap, aeroplane · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«rudder» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rudder in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rudder.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rudder is a flat, upright blade at the back of a boat or ship that is turned to steer it left or right.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rudder:m1:1
# text = A rudder is a flat, upright blade at the back of a boat or ship that is turned to steer it left or right.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rudder	rudder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	upright	upright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	blade	blade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl:relcl	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	steer	steer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	left	left	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	xcomp	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a rudder | a flat upright blade |  | the back of a boat or ship |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **turn** | present · passive |  | a boat or ship |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **steer** | to-infinitive |  | rudder |  |  |  | left *property* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On an aeroplane, the rudder is a movable flap on the upright part of the tail that helps turn the nose left or right.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rudder:m2:1
# text = On an aeroplane, the rudder is a movable flap on the upright part of the tail that helps turn the nose left or right.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	aeroplane	aeroplane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rudder	rudder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	movable	movable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	flap	flap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	upright	upright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
20	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the rudder | a movable flap |  | a aeroplane |  | on the upright part of the tail | tree rules |
| 2 | **help** | present | the upright part of the tail |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **turn** | infinitive | the upright part of the tail *not said here* | the nose |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent nose=Theme |
| 4 | **leave** | participle |  | the nose *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: figurative — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something that guides or keeps a person or plan on course is sometimes called a rudder.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rudder:m3:1
# text = Something that guides or keeps a person or plan on course is sometimes called a rudder.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	guides	guide	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
13	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	14	advmod	_	_
14	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	rudder	rudder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **guide** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **keep** | present |  | a person or plan on course |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Theme |
| 3 | **call** | present · passive |  | Something |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sailor pushed the rudder to turn the boat towards the harbour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rudder:x1:1
# text = The sailor pushed the rudder to turn the boat towards the harbour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sailor	sailor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pushed	push	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rudder	rudder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	harbour	harbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | past | the sailor | the rudder |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rudder=Theme |
| 2 | **turn** | to-infinitive | the sailor *not said here* | the boat |  | the harbour |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent boat=Theme towards harbour=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A storm snapped the rudder, so the little ship drifted helplessly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rudder:x2:1
# text = A storm snapped the rudder, so the little ship drifted helplessly.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	snapped	snap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rudder	rudder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	drifted	drift	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
12	helplessly	helplessly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **snap** | past | a storm | the rudder |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location rudder=Theme |
| 2 | **drift** | participle · passive |  | the little ship |  |  |  | helplessly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In our design challenge, we added a cardboard rudder to the paper boat.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rudder:x3:1
# text = In our design challenge, we added a cardboard rudder to the paper boat.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	design	design	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	challenge	challenge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	added	add	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	cardboard	cardboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	rudder	rudder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | past | we | a cardboard rudder |  | our design challenge |  | to the paper boat | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent rudder=Patient to boat=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **challenge** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom challenge «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pilot used the pedals to move the plane's rudder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rudder:x4:1
# text = The pilot used the pedals to move the plane's rudder.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pilot	pilot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pedals	pedal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	rudder	rudder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the pilot | the pedals |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pedal=Patient |
| 2 | **move** | to-infinitive | the pilot *not said here* | the plane's rudder |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent rudder=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fish use their tails a bit like a rudder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rudder:x5:1
# text = Fish use their tails a bit like a rudder.
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	tails	tail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rudder	rudder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Fish | Fish's tails |  |  |  | a bit like a rudder *obl:unmarked* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After his gran died, he felt like a boat without a rudder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rudder:x6:1
# text = After his gran died, he felt like a boat without a rudder.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	gran	gran	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	without	without	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	rudder	rudder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | past | his gran |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **feel** | past | gran |  |  |  |  | like a boat; without a rudder | vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V S»: agent=Agent like boat=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We tested whether a bigger rudder made the toy boat turn faster.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rudder:x7:1
# text = We tested whether a bigger rudder made the toy boat turn faster.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tested	test	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	rudder	rudder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	faster	fast	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | past | a bigger rudder | the toy boat |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset boat=Product |
| 3 | **turn** | present | a bigger rudder *not said here* |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She gave herself up to her grief, and it tossed her to and fro, as the sea tosses a ship without compass or rudder.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rudder:x8:1
# text = She gave herself up to her grief, and it tossed her to and fro, as the sea tosses a ship without compass or rudder.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	iobj	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	grief	grief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	tossed	toss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
12	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	fro	fro	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	tosses	toss	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	without	without	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	compass	compass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	rudder	rudder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give up** | past | She |  | herself *= she* |  |  | to her grief | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent herself=Theme to grief=Recipient |
| 2 | **toss** | past | grief | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent she=Patient to fro=Recipient |
| 3 | **toss** | present | the sea | a ship |  |  |  | without compass or rudder | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ship=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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