---
title: ruddy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ruddy» in the school dictionary: A ruddy face is healthy and red or pink, often from being outdoors. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ruddy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ruddy face, Ruddy, fisherman, cheeks, sky, Grandad · **What happens:** be, mean, use, show, have, jam · **To what, where:** softer word, annoyance, ruddy face, sea wind, ruddy glow, ruddy printer · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ruddy» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ruddy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ruddy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A ruddy face is healthy and red or pink, often from being outdoors.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruddy:m1:1
# text = A ruddy face is healthy and red or pink, often from being outdoors.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	healthy	healthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	often	often	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	cop	_	_
14	outdoors	outdoors	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a ruddy face |  |  |  |  | healthy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a ruddy face *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | a ruddy face *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | gerund | a ruddy face *not said here* |  |  |  |  | often, outdoors *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ruddy can mean reddish in colour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruddy:m2:1
# text = Ruddy can mean reddish in colour.
1	Ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	reddish	reddish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Ruddy |  |  |  |  | reddish *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, mild swearing, old-fashioned — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ruddy is a softer word for «bloody», used to show annoyance or for emphasis.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruddy:m3:1
# text = Ruddy is a softer word for «bloody», used to show annoyance or for emphasis.
1	Ruddy	Ruddy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	softer	soft	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	bloody	bloody	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
14	annoyance	annoyance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ruddy | a softer word |  |  |  | for bloody | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a softer word *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **show** | to-infinitive |  | annoyance or emphasis |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent annoyance=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fisherman had a ruddy face from the sea wind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruddy:x1:1
# text = The fisherman had a ruddy face from the sea wind.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fisherman	fisherman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the fisherman | a ruddy face |  | the sea wind |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her cheeks were ruddy after the snowball fight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruddy:x2:1
# text = Her cheeks were ruddy after the snowball fight.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cheeks	cheek	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	snowball	snowball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Her cheeks |  |  |  | after the snowball fight | ruddy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sky had a ruddy glow at sunset.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruddy:x3:1
# text = The sky had a ruddy glow at sunset.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	glow	glow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sunset	sunset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the sky | a ruddy glow |  |  | sunset |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glow=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This ruddy printer has jammed again! (UK, mild swearing)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* This ruddy printer has jammed again!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruddy:x4:1
# text = This ruddy printer has jammed again!
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	printer	printer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	jammed	jam	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	again	again	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jam** | present · perfect · passive |  | this ruddy printer |  |  | again |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (UK, mild swearing)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruddy:x4:2
# text = (UK, mild swearing)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	mild	mild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	swearing	swearing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad said, «It's ruddy freezing out there!» (UK)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Grandad said, «It's ruddy freezing out there!»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruddy:x5:1
# text = Grandad said, «It's ruddy freezing out there!»
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
8	freezing	freeze	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
9	out	out	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: express* | past | Grandad |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | It |  |  |  |  | ruddy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **freeze out** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  | there |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (UK)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruddy:x5:2
# text = (UK)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ruddy fox crept across the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruddy:x6:1
# text = The ruddy fox crept across the field.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	crept	creep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **creep** | past | the ruddy fox |  |  | the field |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across field=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rudy turned round, and beheld a man with a ruddy, pleasant face, and a stout figure.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruddy:x7:1
# text = Rudy turned round, and beheld a man with a ruddy, pleasant face, and a stout figure.
1	Rudy	Rudy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	round	round	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	beheld	behold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
11	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	pleasant	pleasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	stout	stout	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	figure	figure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn round** | past | Rudy |  |  |  |  | round *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **behold** | past | Rudy *not said here* | a man |  |  |  | with a ruddy pleasant face; a stout figure *obl* | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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