---
title: rugby — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rugby» in the school dictionary: Rugby is a team game played with an oval ball, which players can kick, carry and pass backwards; they score by putting the ball down over the other team's line. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rugby

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Rugby, oval ball, players, We, rugby ball, you · **What happens:** be, play, kick, carry, pass, score · **To what, where:** team game, ball, line, rugby, school, rugby team

<!-- .vabout -->
«rugby» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rugby in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rugby.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rugby is a team game played with an oval ball, which players can kick, carry and pass backwards; they score by putting the ball down over the other team's line.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rugby:m1:1
# text = Rugby is a team game played with an oval ball, which players can kick, carry and pass backwards; they score by putting the ball down over the other team's line.
1	Rugby	rugby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	played	play	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	oval	oval	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
13	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
14	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	kick	kick	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
20	backwards	backwards	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	score	score	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
24	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
25	putting	put	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	advcl	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	down	down	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
29	over	over	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	's	's	PART	POS	_	32	case	_	_
34	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Rugby | a team game |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **play** | participle |  | a team game *not said here* |  |  |  | with a oval ball | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with ball=Theme |
| 3 | **kick** | can | a oval ball |  |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **carry** | infinitive | a oval ball *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **pass** | infinitive | a oval ball *not said here* |  |  |  |  | backwards *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **score** | present | players *= player* |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **put down** | gerund | players *= player* *not said here* | the ball |  | the other team's line |  | down *property* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ball=Theme over line=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We play rugby at school in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rugby:x1:1
# text = We play rugby at school in winter.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	play	play	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	rugby	rugby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | present | We | rugby |  | school | winter |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rugby=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rugby ball is oval, not round.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rugby:x2:1
# text = A rugby ball is oval, not round.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rugby	rugby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	oval	oval	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	round	round	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a rugby ball |  |  |  |  | oval, round *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In rugby you can only pass the ball backwards.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rugby:x3:1
# text = In rugby you can only pass the ball backwards.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	rugby	rugby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	backwards	backwards	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | can | you | the ball |  | rugby |  | backwards *property* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent ball=Theme in rugby=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The All Blacks are New Zealand's rugby team.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rugby:x4:1
# text = The All Blacks are New Zealand's rugby team.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	Blacks	black	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
5	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	_
6	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	rugby	rugby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Blacks | New Zealand's rugby team |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She scored a try in the rugby match.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rugby:x5:1
# text = She scored a try in the rugby match.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	scored	score	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	try	try	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	rugby	rugby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **score** | past | She | a try |  | the rugby match |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent try=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Younger children play tag rugby without tackling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rugby:x6:1
# text = Younger children play tag rugby without tackling.
1	Younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	amod	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	play	play	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	tag	tag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	rugby	rugby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	tackling	tackle	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | present | Younger children | tag rugby |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rugby=Theme |
| 2 | **tackle** | gerund | Younger children *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rugby players wear mouthguards.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rugby:x7:1
# text = Rugby players wear mouthguards.
1	Rugby	rugby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wear	wear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	mouthguards	mouthguard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present | Rugby players | mouthguards |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent mouthguard=Source |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ireland beat England at rugby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rugby:x8:1
# text = Ireland beat England at rugby.
1	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	beat	beat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	rugby	rugby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | past | Ireland | England |  | rugby |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location england=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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