---
title: rugged — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rugged» in the school dictionary: Rugged means rough and uneven, with rocks or bumps: rugged ground. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rugged

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**Who acts:** They, stream, He · **What happens:** rug, mean, weather, continue, have, lit · **To what, where:** appearance, rugged heath, sharp rocks, rugged face

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«rugged» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rugged in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rugged.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rugged means rough and uneven, with rocks or bumps: rugged ground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rugged:m1:1
# text = Rugged means rough and uneven, with rocks or bumps: rugged ground.
1	Rugged	rug	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	uneven	uneven	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	parataxis	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	bumps	bump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	rugged	rugged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rug** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rugged also means strong and weathered in appearance: a rugged face.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rugged:m2:1
# text = Rugged also means strong and weathered in appearance: a rugged face.
1	Rugged	rug	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	weathered	weather	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	appearance	appearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	rugged	rugged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rug** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **weather** | participle |  |  |  | appearance |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They continued across the rugged heath.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rugged:x1:1
# text = They continued across the rugged heath.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	continued	continue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	across	across	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	rugged	rugged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	heath	heath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **continue** | past | They |  |  | the rugged heath |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme across heath=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stream had sharp and rugged rocks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rugged:x2:1
# text = The stream had sharp and rugged rocks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	rugged	rugged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the stream | sharp rocks |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rock=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had a rugged face lit by a smile.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rugged:x3:1
# text = He had a rugged face lit by a smile.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	rugged	rugged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	lit	lit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	smile	smile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | He | a rugged face |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Patient |
| 2 | **lit** | participle |  | a rugged face *not said here* |  |  |  | by a smile | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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