---
title: ruinous — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ruinous» in the school dictionary: Ruinous means fallen to pieces, in ruins: a ruinous castle. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ruinous

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**Who acts:** Ruinous, It, balcony, repairs · **What happens:** mean, fall, cause, be, haunt · **To what, where:** great loss, ruinous old castle, ruinous state · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«ruinous» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ruinous in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ruinous.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ruinous means fallen to pieces, in ruins: a ruinous castle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruinous:m1:1
# text = Ruinous means fallen to pieces, in ruins: a ruinous castle.
1	Ruinous	Ruinous	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ruins	ruin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	ruinous	ruinous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Ruinous |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **fall** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to pieces and ruins | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to piece=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ruinous also means causing great loss or damage, very costly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruinous:m2:1
# text = Ruinous also means causing great loss or damage, very costly.
1	Ruinous	Ruinous	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	causing	cause	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	costly	costly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Ruinous |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cause** *not said to happen* | gerund | Ruinous *not said here* | great loss or damage |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition loss=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a ruinous old castle, haunted by spirits.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruinous:x1:1
# text = It was a ruinous old castle, haunted by spirits.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	ruinous	ruinous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	haunted	haunt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a ruinous old castle |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **haunt** | participle |  | a ruinous old castle *not said here* |  |  |  | by spirits | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The balcony was in a very ruinous state.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruinous:x2:1
# text = The balcony was in a very ruinous state.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	balcony	balcony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	ruinous	ruinous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the balcony |  |  | a ruinous state |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The repairs would be ruinous.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruinous:x3:1
# text = The repairs would be ruinous.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	repairs	repair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	ruinous	ruinous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | would | the repairs |  |  |  |  | ruinous *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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