---
title: rule — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rule» in the school dictionary: A rule tells what must or should be done: school rules, the rules of a game. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rule

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** rule, game, something, pattern, player, you · **What happens:** tell, do, rule, get, change, be · **To what, where:** school rules, maths, next number, input, charge, queen · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«rule» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rule in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rule.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rule tells what must or should be done: school rules, the rules of a game.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rule:m1:1
# text = A rule tells what must or should be done: school rules, the rules of a game.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	obj	_	_
5	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | a rule | school rules  the rules of a game |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** | should · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: what=Eventuality |
| 3 | **rule** |  | a game |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In maths, a rule tells how to get the next number, or how to change an input to an output.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rule:m2:1
# text = In maths, a rule tells how to get the next number, or how to change an input to an output.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	change	change	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	input	input	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	output	output	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | a rule |  |  | maths |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **get** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | a rule *not said here* | the next number |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer number=Stimulus |
| 3 | **change** | to-infinitive |  | a input |  |  |  | to a output | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent input=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To rule is to be in charge of a country: the queen ruled for years.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rule:m3:1
# text = To rule is to be in charge of a country: the queen ruled for years.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	rule	rule	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
14	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | charge and the queen |  | of a country | tree rules |
| 3 | **rule** | participle |  | the queen *not said here* |  |  | year |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To rule a line is to draw it with a ruler.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rule:m4:1
# text = To rule a line is to draw it with a ruler.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	rule	rule	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	draw	draw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | to-infinitive |  | a line |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with a ruler; draw *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«As a rule» means usually.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rule:m5:1
# text = «As a rule» means usually.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	As	as	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | a rule |  |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To rule out is to decide that something is not possible.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rule:m6:1
# text = To rule out is to decide that something is not possible.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	rule	rule	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	decide	decide	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	possible	possible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule out** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | decide *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **is** | present | something |  |  |  |  | possible *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rule is «add 4»: 3, 7, 11, …

<!-- fold The tree, 8 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rule:x1:1
# text = The rule is «add 4»: 3, 7, 11, …
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	add	add	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	11	11	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
15	…	…	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the rule |  |  |  |  | add *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What is the rule of the pattern?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rule:x2:1
# text = What is the rule of the pattern?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pattern	pattern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the rule of the pattern |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rule** |  | the pattern |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By the rules, each player gets 5 cards.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rule:x3:1
# text = By the rules, each player gets 5 cards.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | each player | 5 cards |  |  |  | by the rules | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer card=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use the rule to find the 10th number.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rule:x4:1
# text = Use the rule to find the 10th number.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	10th	10th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	8	amod	_	_
8	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | the rule |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the 10th number |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rule a line under the title.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rule:x5:1
# text = Rule a line under the title.
1	Rule	rule	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | imperative | you *not said here* | a line |  | the title |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class rule is to listen when someone is speaking.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rule:x6:1
# text = Our class rule is to listen when someone is speaking.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	listen	listen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Our class rule |  |  |  |  | listen *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · progressive | someone |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **rule** |  | Our |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The queen ruled the country for a long time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rule:x7:1
# text = The queen ruled the country for a long time.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past | the queen | the country |  |  | time |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent country=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As a rule, we eat dinner at six.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rule:x8:1
# text = As a rule, we eat dinner at six.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | we | dinner |  | six |  | as a rule | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dinner=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor ruled out a broken arm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rule:x9:1
# text = The doctor ruled out a broken arm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule out** | past | the doctor | a broken arm |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Theme |
| 2 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As a rule they are either fools or swindlers!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rule:x10:1
# text = As a rule they are either fools or swindlers!
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	either	either	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc:preconj	_	_
7	fools	fool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	appos	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	swindlers	swindler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | they | fools or swindlers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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