---
title: rumbling — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rumbling» in the school dictionary: Rumbling is making a long, deep, low sound, like thunder far away or a big truck passing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rumbling

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Rumbling, big truck, Rumbling sound, you, Rumblings, people · **What happens:** make, pass, rumble, be, come, hear · **To what, where:** long deep low sound, Rumbling sound, early signs, lunch, thunder, bridge

<!-- .vabout -->
«rumbling» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rumbling in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rumbling.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rumbling is making a long, deep, low sound, like thunder far away or a big truck passing.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rumbling:m1:1
# text = Rumbling is making a long, deep, low sound, like thunder far away or a big truck passing.
1	Rumbling	rumbling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
14	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	15	advmod	_	_
15	away	away	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	truck	truck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
20	passing	pass	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · progressive | Rumbling | a long deep low sound |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product |
| 2 | **pass** | gerund | a big truck *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rumbling is the sound your tummy makes when you are hungry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rumbling:m2:1
# text = Rumbling is the sound your tummy makes when you are hungry.
1	Rumbling	rumble	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	amod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	tummy	tummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	11	mark	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rumble** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the Rumbling sound |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | present | the Rumbling sound |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | hungry *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rumblings are early signs that people are unhappy or that trouble is coming.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rumbling:m3:1
# text = Rumblings are early signs that people are unhappy or that trouble is coming.
1	Rumblings	rumbling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	unhappy	unhappy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Rumblings | early signs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | people |  |  |  |  | unhappy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **come** | present · progressive | trouble |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My tummy was rumbling before lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rumbling:x1:1
# text = My tummy was rumbling before lunch.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	tummy	tummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	rumbling	rumble	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rumble** | past · progressive | My tummy |  |  | lunch |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before lunch=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard thunder rumbling in the distance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rumbling:x2:1
# text = We heard thunder rumbling in the distance.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	rumbling	rumble	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | thunder |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer thunder=Stimulus |
| 2 | **rumble** | gerund | thunder *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in the distance | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in distance=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A train went rumbling over the bridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rumbling:x3:1
# text = A train went rumbling over the bridge.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	rumbling	rumble	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | a train |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **rumble** | gerund | a train *not said here* |  |  | the bridge |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over bridge=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The volcano had been rumbling for days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rumbling:x4:1
# text = The volcano had been rumbling for days.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux	_	_
5	rumbling	rumble	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rumble** | past · perfect · progressive | the volcano |  |  |  | day |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rumbling of the trucks woke the baby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rumbling:x5:1
# text = The rumbling of the trucks woke the baby.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rumbling	rumbling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	trucks	truck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	woke	wake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wake** | past | the rumbling of the trucks | the baby |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent baby=Patient |
| 2 | **rumble** |  | the trucks |  |  |  |  |  | nom rumbling «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There were rumblings of anger among the players.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rumbling:x6:1
# text = There were rumblings of anger among the players.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	rumblings	rumbling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	among	among	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | rumblings of anger |  |  | the players; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among player=Location |
| 2 | **rumble** |  | anger |  |  |  |  |  | nom rumbling «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ground started rumbling and the dog barked.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rumbling:x7:1
# text = The ground started rumbling and the dog barked.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	rumbling	rumble	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	barked	bark	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | past | the ground |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **rumble** | gerund | the ground *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **bark** | past | the dog |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old washing machine was rumbling loudly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rumbling:x8:1
# text = The old washing machine was rumbling loudly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	washing	washing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	rumbling	rumble	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rumble** | past · progressive | the old washing machine |  |  |  |  | loudly *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every now and then a dull rumbling was heard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rumbling:x9:1
# text = Every now and then a dull rumbling was heard.
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
2	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
4	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	dull	dull	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	rumbling	rumbling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past · passive |  | a dull rumbling |  |  | now; then |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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