---
title: ruminate — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ruminate» in the school dictionary: To think deeply about something for a long time. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ruminate

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cows, He, you, Sheep, She · **What happens:** think, keep, go, bring, chew, call · **To what, where:** same worries, food, stomach, cud, field, truth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ruminate» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ruminate in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ruminate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To think deeply about something for a long time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruminate:m1:1
# text = To think deeply about something for a long time.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	think	think	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	deeply	deeply	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | about something; deeply *property* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about something=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: negative — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To keep going over the same worries again and again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruminate:m2:1
# text = To keep going over the same worries again and again.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	worries	worry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	again	again	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	again	again	ADV	RB	_	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  | the same worries | again |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme over worry=Initial\_Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of cows, sheep and goats: to bring food back up from the stomach and chew it again, called chewing the cud.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruminate:m3:1
# text = Of cows, sheep and goats: to bring food back up from the stomach and chew it again, called chewing the cud.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	goats	goat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
10	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	back	back	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	up	up	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	chew	chew	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	again	again	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
21	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
22	chewing	chew	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	21	xcomp	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	cud	cud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | to-infinitive |  | food |  | the stomach |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent food=Theme from stomach=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **chew** | present |  | food |  |  | again |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 3 | **call** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | of cows and sheep and goats | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **chew** | gerund |  | the cud |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cud=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cows lay in the field, ruminating.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruminate:x1:1
# text = The cows lay in the field, ruminating.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	ruminating	ruminate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | present | the cows |  |  | the field |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in field=Destination |
| 2 | **ruminate** | gerund | the cows *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He ruminated on the riddle all evening.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruminate:x2:1
# text = He ruminated on the riddle all evening.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ruminated	ruminate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	riddle	riddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ruminate** | past | He |  |  |  | evening | on the riddle | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent on riddle=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Try not to ruminate about one bad mark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruminate:x3:1
# text = Try not to ruminate about one bad mark.
1	Try	try	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	ruminate	ruminate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
7	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	mark	mark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **not** **ruminate** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about one bad mark | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about mark=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sheep and goats ruminate their food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruminate:x4:1
# text = Sheep and goats ruminate their food.
1	Sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	goats	goat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	ruminate	ruminate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ruminate** | present | Sheep and goats | Sheep's food |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She ruminated over whether to tell the truth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruminate:x5:1
# text = She ruminated over whether to tell the truth.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ruminated	ruminate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	over	over	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ruminate** | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | the truth |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old wizard ruminated by the fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ruminate:x6:1
# text = The old wizard ruminated by the fire.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wizard	wizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	ruminated	ruminate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ruminate** | participle |  | the old wizard *not said here* |  |  |  | by the fire | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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