---
title: rung — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rung» in the school dictionary: A rung is one of the bars or steps of a ladder that you put your feet on. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rung

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** rung, you, She, job, ringer · **What happens:** be, put, step, ring, climb up, break · **To what, where:** one, feet, ladder, form, bell, bottom rung

<!-- .vabout -->
«rung» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rung in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rung.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rung is one of the bars or steps of a ladder that you put your feet on.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rung:m1:1
# text = A rung is one of the bars or steps of a ladder that you put your feet on.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rung	rung	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bars	bar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ladder	ladder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obj	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	put	put	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
16	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
18	on	on	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a rung | one |  |  |  | of the bars or steps of a ladder | tree rules |
| 2 | **put** | present | you | your feet |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent that=Asset foot=Goal |
| 3 | **step** |  |  | a ladder |  |  |  |  | nom step «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rung is a form of "ring".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rung:m2:1
# text = Rung is a form of "ring".
1	Rung	rung	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Rung | a form |  |  |  | of ring | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"The bell has rung."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rung:m2e:1
# text = "The bell has rung."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	rung	ring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ring** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | the bell |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She climbed up the ladder one rung at a time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rung:x1:1
# text = She climbed up the ladder one rung at a time.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ladder	ladder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	rung	rung	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb up** | past | She | the ladder |  |  | time | one rung *obl:unmarked* | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location ladder=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bottom rung of the ladder is broken.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rung:x2:1
# text = The bottom rung of the ladder is broken.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bottom	bottom	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	rung	rung	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ladder	ladder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | present · passive |  | the bottom rung of the ladder |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bell has rung for lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rung:x3:1
# text = The bell has rung for lunch.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	rung	ring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ring** | present · perfect · passive |  | the bell |  |  |  | for lunch | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Have you rung Grandma yet?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rung:x4:1
# text = Have you rung Grandma yet?
1	Have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rung	ring	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	Grandma	Grandma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ring** | present | you | Grandma |  |  | yet |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location grandma=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hold the sides, not the rungs, when you climb.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rung:x5:1
# text = Hold the sides, not the rungs, when you climb.
1	Hold	hold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rungs	rung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	climb	climb	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | imperative | you *not said here* | the sides |  |  |  | the rungs *obl* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent side=Theme |
| 2 | **climb** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This job is the first rung on the ladder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rung:x6:1
# text = This job is the first rung on the ladder.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
6	rung	rung	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ladder	ladder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this job | the first rung |  | the ladder |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No bells were rung, and no ringer ever came back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rung:x7:1
# text = No bells were rung, and no ringer ever came back.
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	bells	bell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	rung	ring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	8	det	_	_
8	ringer	ringer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	10	advmod	_	_
10	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
11	back	back	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ring** | past · passive |  | no bells |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **come back** | past | no ringer |  |  |  | ever |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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