---
title: runway — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «runway» in the school dictionary: A runway is a long, flat strip of hard ground at an airport where planes take off and land. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# runway

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** runway, planes, that, fashion show, plane, runway lights · **What happens:** be, take off, walk, call, race, guide · **To what, where:** long flat strip, airport, long narrow stage, fashion show, catwalk, runway · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«runway» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [runway in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/runway.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A runway is a long, flat strip of hard ground at an airport where planes take off and land.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:runway:m1:1
# text = A runway is a long, flat strip of hard ground at an airport where planes take off and land.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	runway	runway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	strip	strip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	airport	airport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
15	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	17	advmod	_	_
16	planes	plane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
18	off	off	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a runway | a long flat strip |  | a airport |  | of hard ground | tree rules |
| 2 | **take off** | present | planes |  |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A runway is also the long, narrow stage that models walk along at a fashion show (also called a catwalk).

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:runway:m2:1
# text = A runway is also the long, narrow stage that models walk along at a fashion show (also called a catwalk).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	runway	runway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	stage	stage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	models	model	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	walk	walk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
13	along	along	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	fashion	fashion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	show	show	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	also	also	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	catwalk	catwalk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a runway | the long narrow stage |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **walk** | present | that |  |  | a fashion show |  | along *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at show=Trajectory |
| 3 | **call** | participle | a fashion show *not said here* | a catwalk |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plane raced down the runway and took off.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:runway:x1:1
# text = The plane raced down the runway and took off.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	raced	race	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	runway	runway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	off	off	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **race** | participle | the plane |  |  | the runway |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme down runway=Trajectory |
| 2 | **take off** | past | the plane *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The runway lights guide pilots at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:runway:x2:1
# text = The runway lights guide pilots at night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	runway	runway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	guide	guide	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	pilots	pilot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **guide** | present | the runway lights | pilots |  |  | night |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pilot=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The airport is building a new runway.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:runway:x3:1
# text = The airport is building a new runway.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	airport	airport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	building	build	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	runway	runway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | present · progressive | the airport | a new runway |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset runway=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We waited on the runway for twenty minutes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:runway:x4:1
# text = We waited on the runway for twenty minutes.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	waited	wait	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	runway	runway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | past | We |  |  | the runway | minute |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on runway=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The model walked down the runway in a gold dress.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:runway:x5:1
# text = The model walked down the runway in a gold dress.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	model	model	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	runway	runway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	dress	dress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk down** | past | the model | the runway |  | a gold dress |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent runway=Theme in dress=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This runway is three kilometres long.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:runway:x6:1
# text = This runway is three kilometres long.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	runway	runway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this runway |  |  |  |  | three kilometres *obl:unmarked*; long *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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