---
title: russian — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «russian» in the school dictionary: Russian means coming from or connected with Russia, the very large country that stretches from Eastern Europe across northern Asia. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# russian

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Russian, large country, mum, We, Russian winter, Baba · **What happens:** mean, come, connect, stretch, be, write · **To what, where:** Eastern Europe, Russian person, Russia, main language, Cyrillic alphabet, Russian · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«russian» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [russian in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/russian.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Russian means coming from or connected with Russia, the very large country that stretches from Eastern Europe across northern Asia.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:russian:m1:1
# text = Russian means coming from or connected with Russia, the very large country that stretches from Eastern Europe across northern Asia.
1	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	3	obl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	connected	connect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	very	very	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	stretches	stretch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	Eastern	Eastern	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	across	across	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Russian |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **come** *not said to happen* | gerund | Russian *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **connect** | participle | Russian *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with Russia | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with russia=Co-Patient |
| 4 | **stretch** | present | the large country |  |  | Eastern Europe |  | across northern Asia | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from europe=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Russian is a person from Russia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:russian:m2:1
# text = A Russian is a person from Russia.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a Russian person |  | Russia |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Russian is the main language of Russia, written in the Cyrillic alphabet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:russian:m3:1
# text = Russian is the main language of Russia, written in the Cyrillic alphabet.
1	Russian	Russian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Cyrillic	cyrillic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Russian | the main language |  |  |  | of Russia | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** | participle |  | the main language *not said here* |  | the Cyrillic alphabet |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in alphabet=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend's mum speaks Russian.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:russian:x1:1
# text = My friend's mum speaks Russian.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	speaks	speak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Russian	Russian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | My friend's mum | Russian |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Russian is written in the Cyrillic alphabet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:russian:x2:1
# text = Russian is written in the Cyrillic alphabet.
1	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Cyrillic	cyrillic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · passive |  | Russian |  | the Cyrillic alphabet |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in alphabet=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We opened the Russian doll and found five more inside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:russian:x3:1
# text = We opened the Russian doll and found five more inside.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	doll	doll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	obj	_	_
10	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | past | We | the Russian doll |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location doll=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | past | We *not said here* | five more |  |  |  | inside *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Russian winter is very cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:russian:x4:1
# text = The Russian winter is very cold.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the Russian winter |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Baba Yaga is a witch in Russian fairy tales.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:russian:x5:1
# text = Baba Yaga is a witch in Russian fairy tales.
1	Baba	Baba	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	Yaga	Yaga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	fairy	fairy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Baba | a witch |  | Russian fairy tales |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Russian dancer came to perform at our school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:russian:x6:1
# text = A Russian dancer came to perform at our school.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	dancer	dancer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	perform	perform	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | a Russian dancer |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **perform** | to-infinitive | a Russian dancer *not said here* |  |  | our school |  |  | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I smell Russian flesh!\[188\] Who's there?"

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I smell Russian flesh!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:russian:x7:1
# text = I smell Russian flesh!
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	smell	smell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | present | I | Russian flesh |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer flesh=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* \[188\] Who's there?"

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:russian:x7:2
# text = [188] Who's there?"
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	188	188	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | 188 |  |  |  |  | there *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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