---
title: rustle — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rustle» in the school dictionary: To rustle is to make a soft, light, crackling sound like dry leaves or paper moving. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rustle

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** rustle, leaves, We, you, Mum, paper · **What happens:** rustle, be, crackle, move, rustle up, mean · **To what, where:** sound, something, cattle, wind, rustle, bushes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«rustle» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rustle in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rustle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To rustle is to make a soft, light, crackling sound like dry leaves or paper moving.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rustle:m1:1
# text = To rustle is to make a soft, light, crackling sound like dry leaves or paper moving.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	rustle	rustle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
7	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	crackling	crackle	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rustle** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **crackle** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **move** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rustle is that sound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rustle:m2:1
# text = A rustle is that sound.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rustle	rustle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a rustle | that sound |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Rustle up» means to make or find something quickly, like a quick snack.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rustle:m3:1
# text = «Rustle up» means to make or find something quickly, like a quick snack.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Rustle	rustle	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	nsubj	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	_
11	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	quick	quick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	snack	snack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rustle up** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **find** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To rustle cattle is to steal them (in old Western stories).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rustle:m4:1
# text = To rustle cattle is to steal them (in old Western stories).
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	rustle	rustle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	steal	steal	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	Western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rustle** | to-infinitive |  | cattle |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cattle=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | steal *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leaves rustled in the wind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rustle:x1:1
# text = The leaves rustled in the wind.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rustled	rustle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rustle** | past | the leaves |  |  | the wind |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wind=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard a rustle in the bushes and froze.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rustle:x2:1
# text = We heard a rustle in the bushes and froze.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rustle	rustle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bushes	bush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	froze	freeze	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | a rustle |  | the bushes |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer rustle=Stimulus |
| 2 | **freeze** | past | We *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please don't rustle your crisp packet during the film.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rustle:x3:1
# text = Please don't rustle your crisp packet during the film.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	rustle	rustle	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	crisp	crisp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	packet	packet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	during	during	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **rustle** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | your crisp packet |  |  | during the film |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location packet=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum rustled up some sandwiches for us.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rustle:x4:1
# text = Mum rustled up some sandwiches for us.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rustled	rustle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	sandwiches	sandwich	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rustle up** | past | Mum | some sandwiches |  |  |  | for us | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent sandwich=Theme for we=Beneficiary |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The paper rustled as she turned the page.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rustle:x5:1
# text = The paper rustled as she turned the page.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rustled	rustle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rustle** | past | the paper |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **turn** | past | paper | the page |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent page=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the cowboy story, thieves rustled the cattle at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rustle:x6:1
# text = In the cowboy story, thieves rustled the cattle at night.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	cowboy	cowboy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	thieves	thief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	rustled	rustle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rustle** | past | thieves | the cattle |  | the cowboy story | night |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not a rustle or a sound could be heard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rustle:x7:1
# text = Not a rustle or a sound could be heard.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	rustle	rustle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | could · passive |  | a rustle or a sound |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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