---
title: sa — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sa» in the school dictionary: SA is a short form of South Australia, a state of Australia whose capital is Adelaide. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/sa/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [S](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/) / sa

# sa

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** SA, state, French word, word, S.A., Adelaide · **What happens:** be, mean, say, not be, live, love · **To what, where:** short form, Adelaide, French word, her, English word, countries · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sa» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sa in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sa.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
SA is a short form of South Australia, a state of Australia whose capital is Adelaide.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sa:m1:1
# text = SA is a short form of South Australia, a state of Australia whose capital is Adelaide.
1	SA	SA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	Adelaide	Adelaide	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | SA | a short form |  |  |  | of South Australia | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a state of Australia | Adelaide |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
SA is also a short form of South Africa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sa:m2:1
# text = SA is also a short form of South Africa.
1	SA	SA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | SA | a short form |  |  |  | of South Africa | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: French — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Sa» is a French word meaning «his» or «her» before a feminine noun, as in «sa mère» (his or her mother); said like «sah». It is not an English word.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «Sa» is a French word meaning «his» or «her» before a feminine noun, as in «sa mère» (his or her mother); said like «sah».

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sa:m3:1
# text = «Sa» is a French word meaning «his» or «her» before a feminine noun, as in «sa mère» (his or her mother); said like «sah».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sa	Sa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
16	before	before	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	feminine	feminine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	as	as	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	sa	sa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	mère	mère	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	25	punct	_	_
27	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
29	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
35	like	like	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	sah	sah	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	34	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sa | a French word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | gerund | a French word *not said here* | her *= she* |  |  | before a feminine noun | as sa mère | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent her=Topic as mère=Attribute |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It is not an English word.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sa:m3:2
# text = It is not an English word.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | word | a English word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: business — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After a company name, S.A. is like «Ltd» or «Inc.» in some countries.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sa:m4:1
# text = After a company name, S.A. is like «Ltd» or «Inc.» in some countries.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	S.A.	S.A.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Ltd	Ltd	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Inc.	Inc.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	18	det	_	_
18	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | S.A. |  |  | some countries |  | like Ltd or Inc. | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Adelaide is the capital of SA.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sa:x1:1
# text = Adelaide is the capital of SA.
1	Adelaide	adelaide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	SA	SA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Adelaide | the capital |  |  |  | of SA | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma lives in Port Lincoln, SA.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sa:x2:1
# text = Grandma lives in Port Lincoln, SA.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Port	Port	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	Lincoln	Lincoln	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	SA	SA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Grandma |  |  | Port and SA |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in port=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rugby match was SA against New Zealand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sa:x3:1
# text = The rugby match was SA against New Zealand.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rugby	rugby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	SA	SA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
8	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the rugby match | SA |  |  |  | against New Zealand | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In French, «sa maison» means his house or her house.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sa:x4:1
# text = In French, «sa maison» means his house or her house.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	sa	sa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	maison	maison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | sa maison | maison's house or French's house |  |  |  | in French | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot house=Theme in french=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Elle aime sa chatte» means «She loves her cat».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sa:x5:1
# text = «Elle aime sa chatte» means «She loves her cat».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Elle	Elle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	aime	aime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	sa	sa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	chatte	chatte	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	loves	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
11	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | sa chatte |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **love** *in a quote* | present | chatte | chatte's cat |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cat=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write SA in capitals when you mean South Australia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sa:x6:1
# text = Write SA in capitals when you mean South Australia.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	SA	SA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	capitals	capital	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	mean	mean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
8	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | SA |  | capitals |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sa=Theme in capital=Destination |
| 2 | **mean** | present | you | South Australia |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent australia=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [rye](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/rye/)
- next →: [sabbath](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/sabbath/)
- ↑ back to [S in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/)