---
title: sack — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sack» in the school dictionary: A sack is a big strong bag for carrying things like potatoes, flour or coal. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sack

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sack, they, their, your, 71 sacks, We · **What happens:** be, carry, sack, have, get, mean · **To what, where:** big strong bag, things, someone, them, job, sack · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sack» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sack in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sack.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sack is a big strong bag for carrying things like potatoes, flour or coal.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sack:m1:1
# text = A sack is a big strong bag for carrying things like potatoes, flour or coal.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sack	sack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
10	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	potatoes	potato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	flour	flour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sack | a big strong bag |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **carry** | gerund | a sack *not said here* | things |  |  |  | like potatoes and flour or coal | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To sack someone is to tell them they no longer have their job; «get the sack» means lose your job.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sack:m2:1
# text = To sack someone is to tell them they no longer have their job; «get the sack» means lose your job.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	sack	sack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	csubj	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	iobj	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	no	no	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	11	advmod	_	_
11	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	sack	sack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
20	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
21	lose	lose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
22	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sack** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |
| 2 | **be** *speech: assert* | present |  |  | them *= they* |  |  | tell *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present | they | their job |  |  |  | long *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Patient |
| 4 | **get** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the sack |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sack=Stimulus |
| 5 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **lose** *not said to happen* | infinitive |  | your job |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality |
| 7 | **job** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 8 | **job** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Hit the sack» means go to bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sack:m3:1
# text = «Hit the sack» means go to bed.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Hit	hit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sack	sack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the sack |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme sack=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **go** | infinitive |  |  |  | bed |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to bed=Initial\_Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They harvest 74 sacks of oranges per day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sack:x1:1
# text = They harvest 74 sacks of oranges per day.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	harvest	harvest	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	74	74	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	sacks	sack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	oranges	orange	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	per	per	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harvest** | present | They | 74 sacks of oranges per day |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
71 sacks are of ripe oranges.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sack:x2:1
# text = 71 sacks are of ripe oranges.
1	71	71	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	sacks	sack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	ripe	ripe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	oranges	orange	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | 71 sacks |  |  |  |  | of ripe oranges | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many sacks after 51 days?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sack:x3:1
# text = How many sacks after 51 days?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sacks	sack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	51	51	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each sack holds 20 pounds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sack:x4:1
# text = Each sack holds 20 pounds.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	sack	sack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	pounds	pound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | each sack | 20 pounds |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pound=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had a sack race on sports day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sack:x5:1
# text = We had a sack race on sports day.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	sack	sack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	compound	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We | a sack race |  |  | day |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Santa carries a sack of toys.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sack:x6:1
# text = Santa carries a sack of toys.
1	Santa	Santa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sack	sack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present | Santa | a sack of toys |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sack=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer lifted a sack of flour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sack:x7:1
# text = The farmer lifted a sack of flour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sack	sack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	flour	flour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift** | past | the farmer | a sack of flour |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sack=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm tired, I'll hit the sack.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sack:x8:1
# text = I'm tired, I'll hit the sack.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	hit	hit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sack	sack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hit** | future | I | the sack |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme sack=Co-Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He got the sack for being late.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sack:x9:1
# text = He got the sack for being late.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sack	sack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
7	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | He | the sack |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sack=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | late *property* | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old mill made sacks of grain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sack:x10:1
# text = The old mill made sacks of grain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	mill	mill	NOUN	NN	_	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	sacks	sack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	grain	grain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the old mill | sacks of grain |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sack=Product |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ostler was carrying a sack.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sack:x11:1
# text = The ostler was carrying a sack.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ostler	ostler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sack	sack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past · progressive | the ostler | a sack |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sack=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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