---
title: sadly — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sadly» in the school dictionary: In a sad way. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sadly

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, dog, I, she, hamster, you · **What happens:** be, start, look, cancel, have, go · **To what, where:** sentence, match, You, He, head · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sadly» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sadly in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sadly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a sad way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sadly:m1:1
# text = In a sad way.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unfortunately; it is sad that... (at the start of a sentence).

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Unfortunately; it is sad that...

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sadly:m2:1
# text = Unfortunately; it is sad that...
1	Unfortunately	unfortunately	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	...	...	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | sad, unfortunately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (at the start of a sentence).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sadly:m2:2
# text = (at the start of a sentence).
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** |  |  | a sentence |  |  |  |  | nom start «event transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very much, badly: sadly mistaken.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sadly:m3:1
# text = Very much, badly: sadly mistaken.
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	sadly	sadly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	mistaken	mistaken	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog looked sadly at the empty bowl.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sadly:x1:1
# text = The dog looked sadly at the empty bowl.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sadly	sadly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	bowl	bowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the dog |  |  |  |  | at the empty bowl; sadly *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at bowl=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sadly, the match was cancelled because of rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sadly:x2:1
# text = Sadly, the match was cancelled because of rain.
1	Sadly	sadly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	cancelled	cancel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cancel** | past · passive |  | the match |  |  |  | because rain; sadly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«I have to go home,» she said sadly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sadly:x3:1
# text = «I have to go home,» she said sadly.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	home	home	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	sadly	sadly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *in a quote* | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | she |  |  |  |  | sadly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sadly, our hamster died last week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sadly:x4:1
# text = Sadly, our hamster died last week.
1	Sadly	sadly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	hamster	hamster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | past | our hamster |  |  |  | week | sadly *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You are sadly mistaken if you think that is easy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sadly:x5:1
# text = You are sadly mistaken if you think that is easy.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	sadly	sadly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mistaken	mistake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mistake** | present · passive |  | You |  |  |  | sadly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | that |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He will be sadly missed by everyone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sadly:x6:1
# text = He will be sadly missed by everyone.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	sadly	sadly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	missed	miss	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **miss** | future · passive | everyone | He |  |  |  | sadly *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The King shook his head sadly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sadly:x7:1
# text = The King shook his head sadly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shook	shake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	sadly	sadly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shake** | past | the King | King's head |  |  |  | sadly *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent head=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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