---
title: saguaro — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «saguaro» in the school dictionary: A saguaro is a giant cactus that grows in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona, USA, and Mexico; it can grow taller than a house and has arms that point upwards. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# saguaro

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** saguaro, giant cactus, arms, It, children, stem · **What happens:** be, grow, have, point, draw, stand · **To what, where:** giant cactus, Sonoran Desert, arms, cactus, first arm, water

<!-- .vabout -->
«saguaro» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [saguaro in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/saguaro.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A saguaro is a giant cactus that grows in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona, USA, and Mexico; it can grow taller than a house and has arms that point upwards.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saguaro:m1:1
# text = A saguaro is a giant cactus that grows in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona, USA, and Mexico; it can grow taller than a house and has arms that point upwards.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	saguaro	saguaro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cactus	cactus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Sonoran	Sonoran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Desert	Desert	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Arizona	Arizona	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	parataxis	_	_
24	taller	tall	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	23	xcomp	_	_
25	than	than	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
30	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	_
31	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	32	nsubj	_	_
32	point	point	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	acl:relcl	_	_
33	upwards	upwards	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a saguaro | a giant cactus |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | present | a giant cactus |  |  | the Sonoran Desert of Arizona and USA and Mexico |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in desert=Location |
| 3 | **grow** | can | saguaro |  |  |  |  | tall *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **have** | present | saguaro *not said here* | arms |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient |
| 5 | **point** | present | arms |  |  |  |  | upwards *property* | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is the cactus children often draw for a cowboy desert scene.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saguaro:m2:1
# text = It is the cactus children often draw for a cowboy desert scene.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cactus	cactus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	often	often	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	draw	draw	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	cowboy	cowboy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	scene	scene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | the cactus |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **draw** | present | children | the cactus *not said here* |  |  |  | for a desert scene; often *property* | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent cactus=Result for scene=Beneficiary |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The saguaro stood tall against the orange desert sunset.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saguaro:x1:1
# text = The saguaro stood tall against the orange desert sunset.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	saguaro	saguaro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	sunset	sunset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | the saguaro |  |  |  | sunset | tall *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A saguaro may not grow its first arm until it is about 75 years old.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saguaro:x2:1
# text = A saguaro may not grow its first arm until it is about 75 years old.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	saguaro	saguaro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	amod	_	_
8	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
12	about	about	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	75	75	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl:unmarked	_	_
15	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **grow** | may | a saguaro | saguaro's first arm |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location arm=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | saguaro |  |  |  | year | old *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After a storm, the saguaro's stem swells as it stores water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saguaro:x3:1
# text = After a storm, the saguaro's stem swells as it stores water.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	saguaro	saguaro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	stem	stem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	swells	swell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	stores	store	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
13	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swell** | present | the saguaro's stem |  |  |  | after a storm |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **store** | present | stem | water |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |
| 3 | **stem** |  | the saguaro |  |  |  |  |  | nom stem «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A little elf owl peeped out of a hole in the saguaro.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saguaro:x4:1
# text = A little elf owl peeped out of a hole in the saguaro.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	elf	elf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	owl	owl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	peeped	peep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	saguaro	saguaro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **peep out** | past | a little elf owl | a hole in the saguaro |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hole=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saguaro flowers are white and bloom at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saguaro:x5:1
# text = Saguaro flowers are white and bloom at night.
1	Saguaro	saguaro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	bloom	bloom	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Saguaro flowers |  |  |  |  | white *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **bloom** | present | Saguaro flowers *not said here* |  |  |  | night |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is against the law to damage a saguaro in Arizona.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saguaro:x6:1
# text = It is against the law to damage a saguaro in Arizona.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	against	against	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	damage	damage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	saguaro	saguaro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Arizona	Arizona	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | against the law | tree rules |
| 2 | **damage** | to-infinitive |  | a saguaro |  | Arizona |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent saguaro=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw hundreds of saguaros in Saguaro National Park.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saguaro:x7:1
# text = We saw hundreds of saguaros in Saguaro National Park.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	saguaros	saguaro	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	Saguaro	Saguaro	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
8	National	National	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Park	Park	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | hundreds of saguaros |  | Saguaro National Park |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hundred=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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