---
title: saharan — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «saharan» in the school dictionary: Saharan means belonging to or coming from the Sahara, the huge hot desert in North Africa. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# saharan

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Saharan, places, person, Camels, Saharan dust, Saharan sun · **What happens:** mean, belong, come, describe, be, live · **To what, where:** Sahara, weather, person, Saharan sand, way, Britain

<!-- .vabout -->
«saharan» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [saharan in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/saharan.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saharan means belonging to or coming from the Sahara, the huge hot desert in North Africa.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saharan:m1:1
# text = Saharan means belonging to or coming from the Sahara, the huge hot desert in North Africa.
1	Saharan	saharan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	belonging	belong	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	xcomp	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	fixed	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Sahara	Sahara	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Saharan |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **belong** *not said to happen* | gerund | Saharan *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | gerund | Saharan *not said here* |  |  | the Sahara |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from sahara=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saharan can describe weather or places that are very hot and dry, like the Sahara.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saharan:m2:1
# text = Saharan can describe weather or places that are very hot and dry, like the Sahara.
1	Saharan	saharan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	describe	describe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Sahara	Sahara	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | can | Saharan | weather or places |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent weather=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | places |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | places *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rare — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Saharan is a person who lives in the Sahara.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saharan:m3:1
# text = A Saharan is a person who lives in the Sahara.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Saharan	Saharan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Sahara	Sahara	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a Saharan | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present | a person |  |  | the Sahara |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sahara=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Camels can walk for days across the Saharan sand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saharan:x1:1
# text = Camels can walk for days across the Saharan sand.
1	Camels	camel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	across	across	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Saharan	Saharan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | can | Camels |  |  | the Saharan sand | day |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across sand=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saharan dust sometimes blows all the way to Britain and makes cars dusty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saharan:x2:1
# text = Saharan dust sometimes blows all the way to Britain and makes cars dusty.
1	Saharan	saharan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	4	advmod	_	_
4	blows	blow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
13	dusty	dusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** | present | Saharan dust | all way | Britain |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent way=Patient to britain=Recipient |
| 2 | **make** | present | Saharan dust *not said here* | cars |  |  |  | dusty *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset car=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Saharan sun is fierce at midday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saharan:x3:1
# text = The Saharan sun is fierce at midday.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Saharan	Saharan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	fierce	fierce	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	midday	midday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the Saharan sun |  |  | midday |  | fierce *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa lie south of the desert.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saharan:x4:1
# text = Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa lie south of the desert.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	sub-Saharan	sub-Saharan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	lie	lie	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	south	south	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | present | Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa |  |  |  |  | of the desert; south *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our classroom felt Saharan after the heating broke and stayed on full.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saharan:x5:1
# text = Our classroom felt Saharan after the heating broke and stayed on full.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	classroom	classroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Saharan	Saharan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	heating	heating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | Our classroom | Saharan |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent saharan=Theme |
| 2 | **break** | past | the heating |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **stay** | past | the heating *not said here* |  |  | full |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on full=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We drew a map of the Saharan oases in geography.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saharan:x6:1
# text = We drew a map of the Saharan oases in geography.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Saharan	Saharan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	oases	oasis	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	geography	geography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | We | a map of the Saharan oases in geography |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent map=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saharan nights can be surprisingly cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saharan:x7:1
# text = Saharan nights can be surprisingly cold.
1	Saharan	saharan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	nights	night	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
5	surprisingly	surprisingly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | Saharan nights |  |  |  |  | cold, surprisingly *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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