---
title: saint — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «saint» in the school dictionary: A saint is a person who the Christian Church (and some other religions) honours because they lived a very good and holy life. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# saint

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** saint, person, Church, Saint Patrick, Day, You · **What happens:** be, honour, live, name, help, tidy up · **To what, where:** person, good life, patron saint, school, saint, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«saint» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [saint in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/saint.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A saint is a person who the Christian Church (and some other religions) honours because they lived a very good and holy life.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saint:m1:1
# text = A saint is a person who the Christian Church (and some other religions) honours because they lived a very good and holy life.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	saint	saint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Christian	Christian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Church	Church	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	14	det	_	_
13	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	religions	religion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	_
16	honours	honour	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
17	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
21	very	very	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	conj	_	_
25	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a saint | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **honour** | present | a person |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **live** | past | Church | a good life |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme life=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very kind, patient and good person.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saint:m2:1
# text = A very kind, patient and good person.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	patient	patient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saint Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saint:x1:1
# text = Saint Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland.
1	Saint	Saint	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Patrick	Patrick	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	patron	patron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	saint	saint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Saint Patrick | the patron saint |  |  |  | of Ireland | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
St Valentine's Day is in February.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saint:x2:1
# text = St Valentine's Day is in February.
1	St	St	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Valentine	Valentine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	Day	Day	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	February	February	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | St Valentine's Day |  |  |  |  | in February | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school is named after a saint.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saint:x3:1
# text = Our school is named after a saint.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	saint	saint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **name** | present · passive |  | Our school |  |  | after a saint |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You are a saint for helping me tidy up!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saint:x4:1
# text = You are a saint for helping me tidy up!
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	saint	saint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	helping	help	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	tidy	tidy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | You | a saint |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **help** | gerund | a saint *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **tidy up** | infinitive | me *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The church has a window showing a saint.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saint:x5:1
# text = The church has a window showing a saint.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	showing	show	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	saint	saint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the church | a window |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent window=Patient |
| 2 | **show** | gerund | a window *not said here* | a saint |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent saint=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saint Nicholas is linked to Santa Claus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saint:x6:1
# text = Saint Nicholas is linked to Santa Claus.
1	Saint	Saint	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Nicholas	Nicholas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	linked	link	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Santa	Santa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	Claus	Claus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **link** | present · passive |  | Saint Nicholas | Santa |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient to santa=Co-Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I'm an honest man," says Saint Kavin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saint:x7:1
# text = "I'm an honest man," says Saint Kavin.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
9	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	Saint	Saint	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
11	Kavin	Kavin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | a honest man *= man* | a honest man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a honest man |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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