---
title: salad — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «salad» in the school dictionary: A salad is a cold dish of mixed vegetables, like lettuce, tomato and cucumber, often with a dressing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# salad

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** salad, fruit salad, Mom, café, bowl, you · **What happens:** be, mix, have, cost, use, sell · **To what, where:** cold dish, mix, pasta, 4 dollars, 3 tomatoes, 26 salads

<!-- .vabout -->
«salad» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [salad in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/salad.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A salad is a cold dish of mixed vegetables, like lettuce, tomato and cucumber, often with a dressing.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salad:m1:1
# text = A salad is a cold dish of mixed vegetables, like lettuce, tomato and cucumber, often with a dressing.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	salad	salad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	dish	dish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	mixed	mix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	vegetables	vegetable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	lettuce	lettuce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	tomato	tomato	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	cucumber	cucumber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	often	often	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	dressing	dressing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a salad | a cold dish |  |  |  | of mixed vegetables | tree rules |
| 2 | **mix** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fruit salad is a mix of cut-up fruit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salad:m2:1
# text = A fruit salad is a mix of cut-up fruit.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	salad	salad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	mix	mix	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	up	up	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
11	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a fruit salad | a mix |  |  |  | of cut fruit | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A salad can also have pasta, rice, eggs, cheese or meat in it.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salad:m3:1
# text = A salad can also have pasta, rice, eggs, cheese or meat in it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	salad	salad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	pasta	pasta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	rice	rice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | can | a salad | pasta and rice and eggs and cheese or meat in meat |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pasta=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A salad costs 4 dollars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salad:x1:1
# text = A salad costs 4 dollars.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	salad	salad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | a salad | 4 dollars |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mom used 3 tomatoes and 2 cucumbers for the salad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salad:x2:1
# text = Mom used 3 tomatoes and 2 cucumbers for the salad.
1	Mom	mom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	tomatoes	tomato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	cucumbers	cucumber	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	salad	salad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Mom | 3 tomatoes and 2 cucumbers |  |  |  | for the salad | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent tomato=Theme for salad=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The café sold 26 salads today.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salad:x3:1
# text = The café sold 26 salads today.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	café	café	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sold	sell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	26	26	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	salads	salad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | past | the café | 26 salads |  |  | today |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salad=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each bowl of fruit salad has 5 strawberries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salad:x4:1
# text = Each bowl of fruit salad has 5 strawberries.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	bowl	bowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	salad	salad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	strawberries	strawberry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | each bowl of fruit salad | 5 strawberries |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strawberry=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wash the lettuce before you make the salad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salad:x5:1
# text = Wash the lettuce before you make the salad.
1	Wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	lettuce	lettuce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	salad	salad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | imperative | you *not said here* | the lettuce |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lettuce=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | present | you | the salad |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salad=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'd like a side salad with my sandwich, please.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salad:x6:1
# text = I'd like a side salad with my sandwich, please.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'd	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	like	like	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	salad	salad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	sandwich	sandwich	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
11	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | would | I | a side salad |  |  |  | with my sandwich | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot salad=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Salads are full of vitamins.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salad:x7:1
# text = Salads are full of vitamins.
1	Salads	salad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	vitamins	vitamin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Salads |  |  |  |  | of vitamins; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made a fruit salad with apples, grapes and bananas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salad:x8:1
# text = We made a fruit salad with apples, grapes and bananas.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	salad	salad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	grapes	grape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	bananas	banana	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | a fruit salad |  |  |  | with apples and grapes and bananas | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salad=Product |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This last delicacy played a principal part in the salad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salad:x9:1
# text = This last delicacy played a principal part in the salad.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	delicacy	delicacy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	salad	salad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | this last delicacy | a principal part |  | the salad |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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