---
title: salamander — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «salamander» in the school dictionary: A salamander is a small amphibian with a long body, a tail, four short legs and smooth, damp skin, which looks a bit like a lizard. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/salamander/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [S](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/) / salamander

# salamander

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** salamander, smooth damp skin, creature, Salamanders, fire salamander, We · **What happens:** be, look, live, hide, grow back, lose · **To what, where:** small amphibian, bit, creature, old stories, fire, wet log

<!-- .vabout -->
«salamander» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [salamander in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/salamander.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A salamander is a small amphibian with a long body, a tail, four short legs and smooth, damp skin, which looks a bit like a lizard.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salamander:m1:1
# text = A salamander is a small amphibian with a long body, a tail, four short legs and smooth, damp skin, which looks a bit like a lizard.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	salamander	salamander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	amphibian	amphibian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
16	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	parataxis	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
19	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
21	damp	damp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
25	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	like	like	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	lizard	lizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a salamander | a small amphibian and a tail |  |  |  | with a long body | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | present | smooth damp skin | a bit |  |  |  | like a lizard | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bit=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In old stories and legends, a salamander was a creature that could live in fire.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salamander:m2:1
# text = In old stories and legends, a salamander was a creature that could live in fire.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	legends	legend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	salamander	salamander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	creature	creature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
13	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	acl:relcl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a salamander | a creature |  | old stories and legends |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | could | a creature |  |  | fire |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in fire=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A salamander hid under the wet log.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salamander:x1:1
# text = A salamander hid under the wet log.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	salamander	salamander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	log	log	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | past | a salamander |  |  | the wet log |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under log=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Salamanders are amphibians, not reptiles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salamander:x2:1
# text = Salamanders are amphibians, not reptiles.
1	Salamanders	salamander	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	amphibians	amphibian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	reptiles	reptile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Salamanders | amphibians and reptiles |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fire salamander is black and yellow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salamander:x3:1
# text = The fire salamander is black and yellow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	salamander	salamander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the fire salamander |  |  |  |  | black *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the fire salamander *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some salamanders can grow back a lost leg.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salamander:x4:1
# text = Some salamanders can grow back a lost leg.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	salamanders	salamander	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	back	back	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow back** | can | some salamanders | a lost leg |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location leg=Theme |
| 2 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw a salamander near the stream.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salamander:x5:1
# text = We saw a salamander near the stream.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	salamander	salamander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	near	near	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | a salamander |  | the stream |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer salamander=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't pick up a salamander — your skin can harm it and some are poisonous.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salamander:x6:1
# text = Don't pick up a salamander — your skin can harm it and some are poisonous.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	pick	pick	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	salamander	salamander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	16	nsubj	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **pick up** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | a salamander |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salamander=Topic |
| 2 | **harm** | can | your skin | salamander |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus it=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | present | some |  |  |  |  | poisonous *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [salade](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/salade/)
- next →: [salami](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/salami/)
- ↑ back to [S in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/)