---
title: saliva — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «saliva» in the school dictionary: Saliva is the clear watery liquid that is made in your mouth; it keeps your mouth wet and helps you chew, swallow and start digesting food. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# saliva

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Saliva, you, mouth, Smelling cookies, Dogs, Spitting · **What happens:** be, make, keep, help, chew, swallow · **To what, where:** clear watery liquid, mouth, you, food, saliva, teeth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«saliva» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [saliva in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/saliva.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saliva is the clear watery liquid that is made in your mouth; it keeps your mouth wet and helps you chew, swallow and start digesting food.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saliva:m1:1
# text = Saliva is the clear watery liquid that is made in your mouth; it keeps your mouth wet and helps you chew, swallow and start digesting food.
1	Saliva	saliva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	watery	watery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
16	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
21	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	chew	chew	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	swallow	swallow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	conj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	conj	_	_
27	digesting	digest	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	26	xcomp	_	_
28	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Saliva | the clear watery liquid |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present · passive |  | the clear watery liquid |  | your mouth |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 3 | **keep** | present | Saliva | your mouth |  |  |  | wet *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouth=Theme |
| 4 | **help** | present | Saliva *not said here* | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 5 | **chew** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **swallow** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **start** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 8 | **digest** | gerund | you *not said here* | food |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saliva helps you swallow food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saliva:x1:1
# text = Saliva helps you swallow food.
1	Saliva	saliva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	swallow	swallow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Saliva | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **swallow** | infinitive | you *not said here* | food |  |  |  |  | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your mouth makes saliva all day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saliva:x2:1
# text = Your mouth makes saliva all day.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	saliva	saliva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Your mouth | saliva |  |  | day |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset saliva=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smelling cookies made my mouth fill with saliva.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saliva:x3:1
# text = Smelling cookies made my mouth fill with saliva.
1	Smelling	smell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	amod	_	_
2	cookies	cookie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	fill	fill	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	saliva	saliva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | past | Smelling cookies |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fill** | present | my mouth |  |  |  |  | with saliva | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with saliva=Instrument |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saliva starts to digest food in your mouth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saliva:x4:1
# text = Saliva starts to digest food in your mouth.
1	Saliva	saliva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	starts	start	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	digest	digest	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | Saliva |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **digest** | to-infinitive | Saliva *not said here* | food |  | your mouth |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saliva helps protect your teeth from acid.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saliva:x5:1
# text = Saliva helps protect your teeth from acid.
1	Saliva	saliva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Saliva |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **protect** | infinitive | Saliva *not said here* | your teeth |  |  |  | from acid | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent tooth=Beneficiary from acid=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dogs drool a lot of saliva when they're hot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saliva:x6:1
# text = Dogs drool a lot of saliva when they're hot.
1	Dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drool	drool	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	saliva	saliva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drool** | present | Dogs | a lot of saliva |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent lot=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | Dogs *= dog* |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spitting saliva at people spreads germs and is rude.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saliva:x7:1
# text = Spitting saliva at people spreads germs and is rude.
1	Spitting	spit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	saliva	saliva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spit** | gerund |  | saliva |  |  |  | at people | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent saliva=Theme |
| 2 | **spread** | present | Spitting | germs |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location germ=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | Spitting *not said here* |  |  |  |  | rude *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Doctors can test saliva to look for some illnesses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saliva:x8:1
# text = Doctors can test saliva to look for some illnesses.
1	Doctors	doctor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	test	test	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	saliva	saliva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	illnesses	illness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | can | Doctors | saliva |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent saliva=Theme |
| 2 | **look** | to-infinitive | Doctors *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for some illnesses | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for illness=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then suddenly the warrior remembered that he had heard that human saliva was deadly to centipedes.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:saliva:x9:1
# text = Then suddenly the warrior remembered that he had heard that human saliva was deadly to centipedes.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	warrior	warrior	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	remembered	remember	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	ccomp	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	saliva	saliva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	deadly	deadly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	advcl	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	centipedes	centipede	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | past | the warrior |  |  |  | then | suddenly *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **hear** | past · perfect | warrior |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | past | human saliva |  |  |  |  | to centipedes; deadly *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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