---
title: salutation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «salutation» in the school dictionary: A salutation is a greeting, a word or action that says hello, such as "Good morning" or a wave. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# salutation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** salutation, word, you, your, He, Salutations · **What happens:** be, say, start, letter, raise, underline · **To what, where:** greeting, letter, Salutations, hat, salutation, Charlotte spider · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«salutation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [salutation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/salutation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A salutation is a greeting, a word or action that says hello, such as "Good morning" or a wave.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salutation:m1:1
# text = A salutation is a greeting, a word or action that says hello, such as "Good morning" or a wave.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	salutation	salutation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	greeting	greeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	hello	hello	INTJ	UH	_	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	19	case	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a salutation | a greeting and a word or action or a wave |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a word or action |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent hello=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a letter or email, the salutation is the greeting at the start, like "Dear Sam,".

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salutation:m2:1
# text = In a letter or email, the salutation is the greeting at the start, like "Dear Sam,".
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	email	email	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	salutation	salutation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	greeting	greeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	Dear	dear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the salutation | the greeting |  | a letter or email |  | at the start | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Salutations!" can be said as a jokey, old-fashioned "hello".

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salutation:m3:1
# text = "Salutations!" can be said as a jokey, old-fashioned "hello".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Salutations	salutation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
10	jokey	jokey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	ccomp	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	hello	hello	INTJ	UH	_	14	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | can · passive |  | Salutations |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Start your letter with a salutation such as "Dear Aunt Jo,".

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salutation:x1:1
# text = Start your letter with a salutation such as "Dear Aunt Jo,".
1	Start	start	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	salutation	salutation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Dear	dear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	Aunt	Aunt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Jo	Jo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | imperative | you *not said here* | your letter |  |  |  | with a salutation such Dear Aunt Jo | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.subeventuality»: agent=Agent letter=Eventuality with salutation=Subeventuality |
| 2 | **letter** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He raised his hat in salutation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salutation:x2:1
# text = He raised his hat in salutation.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	salutation	salutation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | past | He | his hat |  | salutation |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hat=Theme in salutation=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Salutations!" said Charlotte the spider to Wilbur.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salutation:x3:1
# text = "Salutations!" said Charlotte the spider to Wilbur.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Salutations	salutation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Charlotte	Charlotte	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	spider	spider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Wilbur	Wilbur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Salutations | the Charlotte spider | Wilbur |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent spider=Topic to wilbur=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The salutation in a formal letter is often "Dear Sir or Madam".

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salutation:x4:1
# text = The salutation in a formal letter is often "Dear Sir or Madam".
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	salutation	salutation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
8	often	often	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Dear	dear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	Sir	Sir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	Madam	Madam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | the salutation in a formal letter | Dear Sir or Madam |  |  |  | often *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Underline the salutation in this letter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salutation:x5:1
# text = Underline the salutation in this letter.
1	Underline	underline	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	salutation	salutation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **underline** | imperative | you *not said here* | the salutation |  | this letter |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent salutation=Theme in letter=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wave is a friendly salutation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salutation:x6:1
# text = A wave is a friendly salutation.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	salutation	salutation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a wave | a friendly salutation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knights bowed to the king in salutation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salutation:x7:1
# text = The knights bowed to the king in salutation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knights	knight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bowed	bow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	salutation	salutation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bow** | past | the knights |  |  | salutation |  | to the king | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.pivot»: agent=Agent to king=Pivot |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Peace be upon you,” said the king, giving the usual country salutation.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:salutation:x8:1
# text = “Peace be upon you,” said the king, giving the usual country salutation.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	salutation	salutation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | infinitive | Peace |  |  |  |  | upon you | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the king |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **give** | gerund | the king *not said here* | the usual country salutation |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salutation=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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