---
title: sam — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sam» in the school dictionary: A common first name for boys and girls, short for Samuel, Samantha or Samson; it is a name, not an ordinary word. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sam

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, Uncle Sam, Friends, full name, Sam, best friend · **What happens:** be, shorten, change, mean, replace, have · **To what, where:** name, nickname, it, house, description, formal writing

<!-- .vabout -->
«sam» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sam in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sam.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A common first name for boys and girls, short for Samuel, Samantha or Samson; it is a name, not an ordinary word.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sam:m1:1
# text = A common first name for boys and girls, short for Samuel, Samantha or Samson; it is a name, not an ordinary word.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Samuel	Samuel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	Samantha	Samantha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	Samson	Samson	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
24	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | it | a name and a ordinary word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Uncle Sam» is a nickname for the government of the USA.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sam:m2:1
# text = «Uncle Sam» is a nickname for the government of the USA.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	nickname	nickname	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Uncle Sam | a nickname |  |  |  | for the government of the USA | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Friends shorten or change it: «Sammy», «Sam-Sam»; in texts «Sam's» can mean Sam's house: «at Sam's».

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sam:m3:1
# text = Friends shorten or change it: «Sammy», «Sam-Sam»; in texts «Sam's» can mean Sam's house: «at Sam's».
1	Friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shorten	shorten	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	change	change	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Sammy	Sammy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	texts	text	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	's	's	PART	POS	_	20	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
23	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
25	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	's	's	PART	POS	_	25	case	_	_
27	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
29	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	at	at	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	's	's	PART	POS	_	31	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shorten** | present | Friends |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **change** | present | Friends *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 3 | **mean** | can |  | Sam's house |  |  |  | in texts and Sam | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot house=Theme in text=Attribute |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In formal writing the full name or a description replaces it: «Samuel», «the aforementioned pupil», «the first boy».

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sam:m4:1
# text = In formal writing the full name or a description replaces it: «Samuel», «the aforementioned pupil», «the first boy».
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	description	description	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	replaces	replace	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Samuel	Samuel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	aforementioned	aforementioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	26	amod	_	_
26	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **replace** | present | the full name or a description | description |  | formal writing |  | Samuel *obl* | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sam has 8 apples and eats 3.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sam:x1:1
# text = Sam has 8 apples and eats 3.
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	eats	eat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Sam | 8 apples |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Patient |
| 2 | **eat** | present | Sam *not said here* | 3 |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sam and Lily shared 20 sweets equally.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sam:x2:1
# text = Sam and Lily shared 20 sweets equally.
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Lily	Lily	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	shared	share	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	equally	equally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | past | Sam and Lily | 20 sweets |  |  |  | equally *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My best friend Sam lives next door.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sam:x3:1
# text = My best friend Sam lives next door.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	amod	_	_
3	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
5	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | My best friend | next door |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme door=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sam is short for Samantha.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sam:x4:1
# text = Sam is short for Samantha.
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Samantha	Samantha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Sam |  |  |  |  | for Samantha; short *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Uncle Sam stands for the United States.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sam:x5:1
# text = Uncle Sam stands for the United States.
1	Uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	United	United	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	States	State	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | Uncle |  |  |  |  | for the United States | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for state=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sam ran 2 km more than Ben.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sam:x6:1
# text = Sam ran 2 km more than Ben.
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	km	km	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	obj	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | Sam | 2 km |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent km=Beneficiary more=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
sam's got 12 marbles, gave me 5, he's well sad now (casual)

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sam:x7:1
# text = sam's got 12 marbles, gave me 5, he's well sad now (casual)
1	sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	marbles	marble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	iobj	_	_
9	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	advmod	_	_
14	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
15	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	casual	casual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present · passive | sam | 12 marbles |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer marble=Stimulus |
| 2 | **give** | past | sam *not said here* | 5 | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient 5=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | sam |  |  |  | now | sad, well *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | sam *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
going to Sam's after footy, back by 6 (casual)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sam:x8:1
# text = going to Sam's after footy, back by 6 (casual)
1	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	footy	footy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	back	back	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	casual	casual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  | Sam | after footy |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to sam=Initial\_Location |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oi Sam, give us 2 of them or else. (rough)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Oi Sam, give us 2 of them or else.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sam:x9:1
# text = Oi Sam, give us 2 of them or else.
1	Oi	Oi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
4	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	else	else	ADV	RB	_	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | infinitive | Oi | 2 of them | us |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient 2=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (rough)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sam:x9:2
# text = (rough)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pupil, hereinafter referred to as Sam, possesses 8 apples and consumes 3; ascertain the quantity remaining. (formal exam)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A pupil, hereinafter referred to as Sam, possesses 8 apples and consumes 3; ascertain the quantity remaining.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sam:x10:1
# text = A pupil, hereinafter referred to as Sam, possesses 8 apples and consumes 3; ascertain the quantity remaining.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	hereinafter	hereinafter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
5	referred	refer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	obl	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
10	possesses	possess	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	consumes	consume	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
15	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
17	ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	quantity	quantity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	remaining	remain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refer** | participle |  | hereinafter *not said here* |  |  |  | as Sam | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **possess** | present | a pupil | 8 apples |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot apple=Theme |
| 3 | **consume** | present | a pupil *not said here* | 3 |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3=Asset |
| 4 | **ascertain** | infinitive | a pupil *not said here* | the quantity |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **remain** | gerund | a pupil *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (formal exam)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sam:x10:2
# text = (formal exam)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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