---
title: sami — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sami» in the school dictionary: The Sami are an Indigenous people of the far north of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia, an area called Sápmi; many have herded reindeer. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sami

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sami, Indigenous people, Sami people, Sami families, She, joik · **What happens:** be, call, herd, speak, use, live · **To what, where:** Indigenous people, area, many, Sami languages, first name, Finland · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sami» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sami in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sami.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sami are an Indigenous people of the far north of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia, an area called Sápmi; many have herded reindeer.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sami:m1:1
# text = The Sami are an Indigenous people of the far north of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia, an area called Sápmi; many have herded reindeer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Sami	Sami	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	far	far	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Norway	Norway	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	Sweden	Sweden	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	Finland	Finland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
22	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	acl	_	_
23	Sápmi	Sápmi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
25	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
26	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	herded	herd	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
28	reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Sami | a Indigenous people |  |  |  | of the far north of Norway and Sweden and Finland and Russia and a area | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | a area *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **herd** | present · perfect · passive | a Indigenous people *not said here* | many |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sami languages, spoken by the Sami people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sami:m2:1
# text = The Sami languages, spoken by the Sami people.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Sami	Sami	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Sami	Sami	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle · passive | the Sami people | the Sami languages |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sami is also a first name for a person, used in Finland and in Arabic-speaking countries.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sami:m3:1
# text = Sami is also a first name for a person, used in Finland and in Arabic-speaking countries.
1	Sami	sami	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Finland	Finland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	amod	_	_
19	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sami | a first name |  |  |  | for a person | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle | Sami *not said here* |  |  | Finland and speaking countries |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sami have lived in the far north of Europe for thousands of years.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sami:x1:1
# text = The Sami have lived in the far north of Europe for thousands of years.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Sami	Sami	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	lived	live	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	far	far	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present · perfect | the Sami |  |  | the far north of Europe |  | for thousands of years | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in north=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some Sami families herd reindeer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sami:x2:1
# text = Some Sami families herd reindeer.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
2	Sami	Sami	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	herd	herd	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **herd** | present | some Sami families | reindeer |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent reindeer=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She wore a bright blue Sami dress for the festival.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sami:x3:1
# text = She wore a bright blue Sami dress for the festival.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	Sami	Sami	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	dress	dress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	festival	festival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | She | a bright blue Sami dress |  |  |  | for the festival | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent dress=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A joik is a traditional Sami song.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sami:x4:1
# text = A joik is a traditional Sami song.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	joik	joik	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	traditional	traditional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	Sami	sami	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a joik | a traditional Sami song |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sami children may learn both Sami and Norwegian at school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sami:x5:1
# text = Sami children may learn both Sami and Norwegian at school.
1	Sami	Sami	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc:preconj	_	_
6	Sami	Sami	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	Norwegian	Norwegian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | may | Sami children | Sami |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sami=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our pen pal Sami lives in Helsinki.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sami:x6:1
# text = Our pen pal Sami lives in Helsinki.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	pal	pal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	Sami	Sami	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
5	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Helsinki	Helsinki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Our pen pal |  |  | Helsinki |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in helsinki=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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