---
title: samurai — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «samurai» in the school dictionary: A member of the warrior class in old Japan who served a lord and fought with swords and bows. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# samurai

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** member, samurai, museum, Japan, one day · **What happens:** serve, fight, wear, make, lace, have · **To what, where:** lord, armour, small plates, Samurai swords, samurai helmet, poetry · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«samurai» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [samurai in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/samurai.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A member of the warrior class in old Japan who served a lord and fought with swords and bows.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:samurai:m1:1
# text = A member of the warrior class in old Japan who served a lord and fought with swords and bows.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	member	member	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	warrior	warrior	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	served	serve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	swords	sword	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	bows	bow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | past | a member of the warrior class in old Japan | a lord |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lord=Attribute |
| 2 | **fight** | past | a member of the warrior class in old Japan *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with swords and bows | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with sword=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The samurai as a class of people in Japanese history.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:samurai:m2:1
# text = The samurai as a class of people in Japanese history.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	samurai	samurai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The samurai wore armour made of small plates laced together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:samurai:x1:1
# text = The samurai wore armour made of small plates laced together.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	samurai	samurai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	plates	plate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	laced	lace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	together	together	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | the samurai | armour |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent armour=Source |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | armour *not said here* |  |  |  | of small plates | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **lace** | participle |  | small plates *not said here* |  |  |  | together *property* | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A samurai had to be loyal to his lord.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:samurai:x2:1
# text = A samurai had to be loyal to his lord.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	samurai	samurai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	loyal	loyal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | a samurai |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive | a samurai *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to samurai's lord; loyal *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Samurai swords are called katana.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:samurai:x3:1
# text = Samurai swords are called katana.
1	Samurai	samurai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	swords	sword	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	katana	katana	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | Samurai swords |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum has a samurai helmet with horns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:samurai:x4:1
# text = The museum has a samurai helmet with horns.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	samurai	samurai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the museum | a samurai helmet |  |  |  | with horns | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent helmet=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Samurai also studied poetry and tea ceremony.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:samurai:x5:1
# text = Samurai also studied poetry and tea ceremony.
1	Samurai	Samurai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	studied	study	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	poetry	poetry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	ceremony	ceremony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | past | Samurai | poetry and tea ceremony |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poetry=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Japan ended the samurai class in the 1870s.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:samurai:x6:1
# text = Japan ended the samurai class in the 1870s.
1	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	samurai	samurai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	1870s	1870	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | past | Japan | the samurai class |  | the 1870s |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector class=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I am to go with the general and one day I shall be a SAMURAI!”

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:samurai:x7:1
# text = I am to go with the general and one day I shall be a SAMURAI!”
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	general	general	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
12	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	cop	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	SAMURAI	samurai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with the general and a SAMURAI | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with general=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **is a** | shall | one day | a SAMURAI |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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