---
title: sand — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sand» in the school dictionary: Tiny grains of rock and shell, found on beaches and in deserts. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sand

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sands, We, desert, you, sand, Dad · **What happens:** find, mean, rub, make, build, be · **To what, where:** Tiny grains, beaches, large area, wood, sandcastle, beach

<!-- .vabout -->
«sand» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sand in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sand.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tiny grains of rock and shell, found on beaches and in deserts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sand:m1:1
# text = Tiny grains of rock and shell, found on beaches and in deserts.
1	Tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	grains	grain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	beaches	beach	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	deserts	desert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | participle · passive |  | Tiny grains of rock and shell |  | beaches and deserts |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Sands" means a large area of sand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sand:m2:1
# text = "Sands" means a large area of sand.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sands	sand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Sands | a large area of sand |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent area=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As a verb, to rub wood with sandpaper to make it smooth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sand:m3:1
# text = As a verb, to rub wood with sandpaper to make it smooth.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	rub	rub	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sandpaper	sandpaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rub** | to-infinitive |  | wood |  |  |  | as a verb; with sandpaper | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent wood=Destination with sandpaper=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | wood |  |  |  | smooth *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We built a sandcastle on the beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sand:x1:1
# text = We built a sandcastle on the beach.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sandcastle	sandcastle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | We | a sandcastle |  | the beach |  |  | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent sandcastle=Theme on beach=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sand is made of tiny pieces of rock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sand:x2:1
# text = Sand is made of tiny pieces of rock.
1	Sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Sand |  |  |  | of tiny pieces of rock | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The desert is full of sand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sand:x3:1
# text = The desert is full of sand.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the desert |  |  |  |  | of sand; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't throw sand at your friends.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sand:x4:1
# text = Don't throw sand at your friends.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	throw	throw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **throw** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | sand |  |  |  | at your friends | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent sand=Theme at friend=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sand is too hot to walk on.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sand:x5:1
# text = The sand is too hot to walk on.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
8	on	on	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the sand |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **walk on** | to-infinitive | the sand *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad sanded the old table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sand:x6:1
# text = Dad sanded the old table.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sanded	sand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sand** | past | Dad | the old table |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent table=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Glass is made from sand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sand:x7:1
# text = Glass is made from sand.
1	Glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Glass |  | sand |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from sand=Material |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children played in the sandpit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sand:x8:1
# text = The children played in the sandpit.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sandpit	sandpit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | the children |  |  | the sandpit |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The whole church was completely buried in sand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sand:x9:1
# text = The whole church was completely buried in sand.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	buried	bury	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bury** | past · passive |  | the whole church |  | sand |  | completely *property* | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in sand=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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