---
title: sandbag — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sandbag» in the school dictionary: A sandbag is a bag filled with sand, used to build walls against floods or to make barriers. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sandbag

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sandbag, you, Volunteers, We, 10 sandbags, Soldiers · **What happens:** be, fill, use, build, make, sandbag · **To what, where:** bag, walls, barriers, place, sandbags, door · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sandbag» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sandbag in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sandbag.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sandbag is a bag filled with sand, used to build walls against floods or to make barriers.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandbag:m1:1
# text = A sandbag is a bag filled with sand, used to build walls against floods or to make barriers.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sandbag	sandbag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	against	against	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	floods	flood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
19	barriers	barrier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sandbag | a bag |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fill** | participle |  | a bag *not said here* |  |  |  | with sand | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with sand=Instrument |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | a bag *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **build** | to-infinitive |  | walls |  |  |  | against floods | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wall=Product |
| 5 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | barriers |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset barrier=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To sandbag a place is to protect it with sandbags.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandbag:m2:1
# text = To sandbag a place is to protect it with sandbags.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	sandbag	sandbag	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	protect	protect	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	sandbags	sandbag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sandbag** | to-infinitive |  | a place |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with sandbags; protect *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, sport and games — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To sandbag is to pretend to be weaker than you are so you can win later.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandbag:m3:1
# text = To sandbag is to pretend to be weaker than you are so you can win later.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	sandbag	sandbag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pretend	pretend	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
8	weaker	weak	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	xcomp	_	_
9	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
12	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
16	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | pretend *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | weak *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **does** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **win** | can | you |  |  |  |  | late *property* | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Volunteers filled sandbags before the flood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandbag:x1:1
# text = Volunteers filled sandbags before the flood.
1	Volunteers	volunteer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	filled	fill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sandbags	sandbag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	before	before	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | past | Volunteers | sandbags |  |  | before the flood |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sandbag=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We piled sandbags against the door.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandbag:x2:1
# text = We piled sandbags against the door.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	piled	pile	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sandbags	sandbag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pile** | past | We | sandbags |  | the door |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sandbag=Theme against door=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each sandbag weighs 15 kg; 10 sandbags weigh 150 kg.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandbag:x3:1
# text = Each sandbag weighs 15 kg; 10 sandbags weigh 150 kg.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	sandbag	sandbag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	weighs	weigh	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	kg	kg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	sandbags	sandbag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	weigh	weigh	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
10	150	150	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	kg	kg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weigh** | present | each sandbag | 15 kg |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme kg=Value |
| 2 | **weigh** | present | 10 sandbags | 150 kg |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme kg=Value |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Soldiers sheltered behind a wall of sandbags.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandbag:x4:1
# text = Soldiers sheltered behind a wall of sandbags.
1	Soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sheltered	shelter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sandbags	sandbag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shelter** | past | Soldiers |  |  | a wall of sandbags |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind wall=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The town was sandbagged against the rising river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandbag:x5:1
# text = The town was sandbagged against the rising river.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	sandbagged	sandbag	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	amod	_	_
8	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sandbag** | past · passive |  | the town |  |  |  | against the rising river | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **rise** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop sandbagging — I know you can run faster!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandbag:x6:1
# text = Stop sandbagging — I know you can run faster!
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	sandbagging	sandbag	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
9	faster	fast	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **sandbag** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Result |
| 3 | **know** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **run** | can | you |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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