---
title: sandpaper — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sandpaper» in the school dictionary: Strong paper with sand or grit stuck to one side, used for rubbing wood or other surfaces to make them smooth. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sandpaper

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, Dad, tongue, Coarse sandpaper, fine sandpaper, dust · **What happens:** stick, use, rub, make, smooth, sandpaper · **To what, where:** grit, Strong paper, surfaces, something, it, sandpaper

<!-- .vabout -->
«sandpaper» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sandpaper in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sandpaper.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Strong paper with sand or grit stuck to one side, used for rubbing wood or other surfaces to make them smooth.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandpaper:m1:1
# text = Strong paper with sand or grit stuck to one side, used for rubbing wood or other surfaces to make them smooth.
1	Strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	grit	grit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	stuck	stick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	rubbing	rub	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	amod	_	_
15	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	surfaces	surface	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	acl	_	_
21	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stick** | participle |  | grit *not said here* |  |  |  | to one side | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to side=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | Strong paper with sand or grit *not said here* |  |  |  | for rubbing wood or other surfaces | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **rub** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | surfaces *= surface* |  |  |  | smooth *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To smooth something by rubbing it with sandpaper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandpaper:m2:1
# text = To smooth something by rubbing it with sandpaper.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	smooth	smooth	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	rubbing	rub	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sandpaper	sandpaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smooth** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 2 | **rub** | gerund |  | it |  |  |  | with sandpaper | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Destination with sandpaper=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use sandpaper to smooth the edges of your wooden box.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandpaper:x1:1
# text = Use sandpaper to smooth the edges of your wooden box.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	sandpaper	sandpaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	smooth	smooth	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	edges	edge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | sandpaper |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sandpaper=Patient |
| 2 | **smooth** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the edges of your wooden box |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent edge=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad sandpapered the old door before painting it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandpaper:x2:1
# text = Dad sandpapered the old door before painting it.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sandpapered	sandpaper	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	painting	paint	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sandpaper** | past | Dad | the old door |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent door=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **paint** | gerund | Dad *not said here* | door |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cat's tongue feels like sandpaper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandpaper:x3:1
# text = A cat's tongue feels like sandpaper.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	feels	feel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sandpaper	sandpaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | present | a cat's tongue |  |  |  |  | like sandpaper | vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V S»: agent=Agent like sandpaper=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Coarse sandpaper takes off a lot; fine sandpaper makes it really smooth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandpaper:x4:1
# text = Coarse sandpaper takes off a lot; fine sandpaper makes it really smooth.
1	Coarse	coarse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sandpaper	sandpaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	sandpaper	sandpaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	really	really	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take off** | present | Coarse sandpaper | a lot |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | present | fine sandpaper | lot |  |  |  | smooth *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear a mask when sandpapering, because the dust gets in your nose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandpaper:x5:1
# text = Wear a mask when sandpapering, because the dust gets in your nose.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	mask	mask	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
5	sandpapering	sandpaper	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | a mask |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent mask=Theme |
| 2 | **sandpaper** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **get** | present | the dust |  |  | your nose |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad's chin felt like sandpaper when he hadn't shaved.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandpaper:x6:1
# text = Grandad's chin felt like sandpaper when he hadn't shaved.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	chin	chin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sandpaper	sandpaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	shaved	shave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | Grandad's chin |  |  |  |  | like sandpaper | vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V S»: agent=Agent like sandpaper=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **shave** | past · perfect | chin |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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