---
title: sandstone — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sandstone» in the school dictionary: Sandstone is a sedimentary rock made of grains of sand pressed and stuck together over a very long time. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sandstone

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sandstone, We, Water, sandstone cliffs, He, red sandstone reservoirs · **What happens:** be, make, press, stick together, build, rub · **To what, where:** sedimentary rock, sand, Sandstone, old church, Uluru, gaps · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sandstone» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sandstone in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sandstone.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sandstone is a sedimentary rock made of grains of sand pressed and stuck together over a very long time.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandstone:m1:1
# text = Sandstone is a sedimentary rock made of grains of sand pressed and stuck together over a very long time.
1	Sandstone	sandstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	sedimentary	sedimentary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	grains	grain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	pressed	press	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	stuck	stick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
14	together	together	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	over	over	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
17	very	very	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sandstone | a sedimentary rock |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a sedimentary rock *not said here* |  |  |  | of grains of sand | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **press** | participle |  | sand *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **stick together** | participle |  |  |  |  | time | together *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sandstone is made of tiny grains of sand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandstone:x1:1
# text = Sandstone is made of tiny grains of sand.
1	Sandstone	sandstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	grains	grain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Sandstone |  |  |  | of tiny grains of sand | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old church is built of red sandstone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandstone:x2:1
# text = The old church is built of red sandstone.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	sandstone	sandstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | present · passive |  | the old church |  |  |  | of red sandstone | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Uluru is made of sandstone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandstone:x3:1
# text = Uluru is made of sandstone.
1	Uluru	Uluru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sandstone	sandstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Uluru |  |  |  | of sandstone | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We rubbed sandstone and sand came off.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandstone:x4:1
# text = We rubbed sandstone and sand came off.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rubbed	rub	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sandstone	sandstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
7	off	off	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rub** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **come off** | past | sandstone and sand |  |  |  |  | off *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water can soak into sandstone because it has gaps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandstone:x5:1
# text = Water can soak into sandstone because it has gaps.
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	soak	soak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sandstone	sandstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	gaps	gap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **soak** | can | Water |  |  | sandstone |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | present | Water | gaps |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gap=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sandstone cliffs have stripes of different colours.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandstone:x6:1
# text = The sandstone cliffs have stripes of different colours.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	sandstone	sandstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	stripes	stripe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the sandstone cliffs | stripes of different colours |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stripe=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He set his teeth and said nothing, but went with the shouting monkeys to a terrace above the red sandstone reservoirs that were half-full of rain water.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandstone:x7:1
# text = He set his teeth and said nothing, but went with the shouting monkeys to a terrace above the red sandstone reservoirs that were half-full of rain water.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	shouting	shouting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	terrace	terrace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
18	above	above	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
21	sandstone	sandstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	reservoirs	reservoir	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
23	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
24	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
25	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	acl:relcl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | past | He | his teeth |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient tooth=Result |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | He *not said here* | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent nothing=Topic |
| 3 | **go** | past | He *not said here* |  |  | a terrace above the red sandstone reservoirs |  | with the shouting monkeys | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to terrace=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **is** | past | the red sandstone reservoirs |  |  |  |  | of rain water; full *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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