---
title: sandstorm — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sandstorm» in the school dictionary: A strong wind in a desert that lifts and carries clouds of sand through the air. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sandstorm

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** desert, camels, sandstorm, huge sandstorm, you, Sandstorms · **What happens:** lift, carry, cloud, rush, lay down, come · **To what, where:** clouds, air, sand, something, sky orange, windows · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sandstorm» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sandstorm in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sandstorm.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A strong wind in a desert that lifts and carries clouds of sand through the air.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandstorm:m1:1
# text = A strong wind in a desert that lifts and carries clouds of sand through the air.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lifts	lift	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	through	through	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift** | present | a desert |  |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **carry** | present | a desert *not said here* | clouds of sand |  | the air |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cloud=Theme |
| 3 | **cloud** |  |  | sand |  |  |  |  | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: figurative — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wild confusing rush of something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandstorm:m2:1
# text = A wild confusing rush of something.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	confusing	confusing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	rush	rush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rush** |  |  | something |  |  |  |  | nom rush «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The camels lay down when the sandstorm came.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandstorm:x1:1
# text = The camels lay down when the sandstorm came.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	camels	camel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sandstorm	sandstorm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay down** | present | the camels |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **come** | past | the sandstorm |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A huge sandstorm turned the sky orange.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandstorm:x2:1
# text = A huge sandstorm turned the sky orange.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sandstorm	sandstorm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	orange	orange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | a huge sandstorm | the sky orange |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent orange=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stay indoors during a sandstorm and close the windows.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandstorm:x3:1
# text = Stay indoors during a sandstorm and close the windows.
1	Stay	stay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	indoors	indoors	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	during	during	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sandstorm	sandstorm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	close	close	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | during a sandstorm | indoors *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **close** | infinitive | you *not said here* | the windows |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent window=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sandstorms can carry Sahara dust all the way to Britain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandstorm:x4:1
# text = Sandstorms can carry Sahara dust all the way to Britain.
1	Sandstorms	sandstorm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	Sahara	Sahara	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	8	det:predet	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | can | Sandstorms | Sahara dust |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dust=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The explorers waited in their tent until the sandstorm passed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandstorm:x5:1
# text = The explorers waited in their tent until the sandstorm passed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	explorers	explorer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	waited	wait	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	tent	tent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sandstorm	sandstorm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | past | the explorers |  |  | explorers's tent |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in tent=Location |
| 2 | **pass** | past | the sandstorm |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Even on Mars there are giant sandstorms, called dust storms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sandstorm:x6:1
# text = Even on Mars there are giant sandstorms, called dust storms.
1	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Mars	Mars	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
5	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sandstorms	sandstorm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
10	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	storms	storm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | giant sandstorms |  |  | Mars; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on mars=Location |
| 2 | **call** | participle | giant sandstorms *not said here* | dust storms |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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