---
title: sang — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sang» in the school dictionary: The past simple form of «sing»: made musical sounds with the voice. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sang

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** We, birds, choir, She, kettle, Everyone · **What happens:** make, form, sing, praise, be · **To what, where:** sing, high musical sound, Happy Birthday, Mum, window, 5 songs

<!-- .vabout -->
«sang» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sang in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sang.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The past simple form of «sing»: made musical sounds with the voice.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sang:m1:1
# text = The past simple form of «sing»: made musical sounds with the voice.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	sing	sing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
11	musical	musical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **form** |  |  | sing |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of birds, kettles, wind — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Made a high, musical sound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sang:m2:1
# text = Made a high, musical sound.
1	Made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
3	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	musical	musical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past |  | a high musical sound |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sang «Happy Birthday» to Mum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sang:x1:1
# text = We sang «Happy Birthday» to Mum.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	Birthday	Birthday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | We | Happy Birthday | Mum |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent birthday=Topic to mum=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The birds sang outside my window.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sang:x2:1
# text = The birds sang outside my window.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the birds |  |  | my window |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme outside window=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The choir sang 5 songs in the concert.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sang:x3:1
# text = The choir sang 5 songs in the concert.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	choir	choir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	concert	concert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the choir | 5 songs |  | the concert |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She sang along to the radio.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sang:x4:1
# text = She sang along to the radio.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	along	along	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | She |  | the radio |  |  | along *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to radio=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The kettle sang on the stove.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sang:x5:1
# text = The kettle sang on the stove.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kettle	kettle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stove	stove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the kettle |  |  | the stove |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on stove=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone sang the national anthem.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sang:x6:1
# text = Everyone sang the national anthem.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	national	national	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	anthem	anthem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | Everyone | the national anthem |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location anthem=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher sang our praises to the head.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sang:x7:1
# text = The teacher sang our praises to the head.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	praises	praise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the teacher | our praises | the head |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent praise=Topic to head=Recipient |
| 2 | **praise** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom praise «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
These were the words he sang:

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sang:x8:1
# text = These were the words he sang:
1	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | These | the words |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | he | the words *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location word=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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