---
title: sapphire — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sapphire» in the school dictionary: A sapphire is a precious stone, usually a clear, deep blue, used in jewellery. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/sapphire/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [S](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/) / sapphire

# sapphire

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sapphire, Sapphires, queen, sea, ring, phone screens · **What happens:** be, use, describe, call, set, crown · **To what, where:** precious stone, jewellery, bright deep blue colour, ruby, crown, deep sapphire · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sapphire» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sapphire in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sapphire.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sapphire is a precious stone, usually a clear, deep blue, used in jewellery.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sapphire:m1:1
# text = A sapphire is a precious stone, usually a clear, deep blue, used in jewellery.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sapphire	sapphire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	precious	precious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	jewellery	jewellery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sapphire | a precious stone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a sapphire *not said here* |  |  |  |  | usually *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **use** | participle | a sapphire *not said here* |  |  | jewellery |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sapphire describes a bright, deep blue colour, as in «sapphire eyes» or «a sapphire sea».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sapphire:m2:1
# text = Sapphire describes a bright, deep blue colour, as in «sapphire eyes» or «a sapphire sea».
1	Sapphire	sapphire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
4	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	sapphire	sapphire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	sapphire	sapphire	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | Sapphire | a bright deep blue colour or a sapphire sea |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent colour=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sapphires can also be pink, yellow or other colours, except red, which is called a ruby.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sapphire:m3:1
# text = Sapphires can also be pink, yellow or other colours, except red, which is called a ruby.
1	Sapphires	sapphire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	except	except	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	advcl	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	ruby	ruby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | Sapphires |  |  |  |  | pink *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Sapphires *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **call** | present · passive |  | a ruby |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Theme ruby=Result |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The queen's crown was set with sapphires.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sapphire:x1:1
# text = The queen's crown was set with sapphires.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sapphires	sapphire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | past · passive |  | the queen's crown |  |  |  | with sapphires | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with sapphire=Instrument |
| 2 | **crown** |  | the queen |  |  |  |  |  | nom crown «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sea was a deep sapphire blue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sapphire:x2:1
# text = The sea was a deep sapphire blue.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sapphire	sapphire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the sea | a deep sapphire |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sapphires are very hard, so they don't scratch easily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sapphire:x3:1
# text = Sapphires are very hard, so they don't scratch easily.
1	Sapphires	sapphire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	scratch	scratch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
11	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Sapphires |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **scratch** | present · do-support | Sapphires *= sapphire* |  |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gran's ring has a small sapphire in the middle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sapphire:x4:1
# text = Gran's ring has a small sapphire in the middle.
1	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sapphire	sapphire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Gran's ring | a small sapphire |  | the middle |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sapphire=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rubies and sapphires are made of the same mineral.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sapphire:x5:1
# text = Rubies and sapphires are made of the same mineral.
1	Rubies	ruby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	sapphires	sapphire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	mineral	mineral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Rubies and sapphires |  |  |  | of the same mineral | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some phone screens and watch faces use man-made sapphire glass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sapphire:x6:1
# text = Some phone screens and watch faces use man-made sapphire glass.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
2	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	screens	screen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	watch	watch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
7	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
11	sapphire	sapphire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | some phone screens and watch faces | made sapphire glass |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glass=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are made of rare sapphires, which were brought out of India a thousand years ago.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sapphire:x7:1
# text = They are made of rare sapphires, which were brought out of India a thousand years ago.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sapphires	sapphire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl:unmarked	_	_
17	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | They |  |  |  | of rare sapphires | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **bring out** | past · passive |  | rare sapphires |  | India |  | ago *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sapling](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/sapling/)
- next →: [sarcasm](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/sarcasm/)
- ↑ back to [S in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/)