---
title: sars — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sars» in the school dictionary: SARS stands for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, a serious lung illness caused by a coronavirus that spread to several countries in 2002–2003. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sars

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** coronavirus, SARS, virus, SAR, dangerous illness, SARS virus · **What happens:** be, cause, spread, mean, attack, call · **To what, where:** serious lung illness, 2002, name, COVID, other things, dangerous illness · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sars» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sars in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sars.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: abbreviation — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
SARS stands for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, a serious lung illness caused by a coronavirus that spread to several countries in 2002–2003.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sars:m1:1
# text = SARS stands for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, a serious lung illness caused by a coronavirus that spread to several countries in 2002–2003.
1	SARS	sar	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	_
2	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	Severe	severe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	Acute	acute	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	Respiratory	Respiratory	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Syndrome	Syndrome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	lung	lung	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
13	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	coronavirus	coronavirus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	2002	2002	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	25	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	2003	2003	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; stand *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | participle |  | a serious lung illness *not said here* |  |  |  | by a coronavirus | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 3 | **spread** | past | a coronavirus |  |  | 2002 – 2003 |  | to several countries | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 2002=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
SARS-CoV-2 is the name of the virus that causes COVID-19.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sars:m2:1
# text = SARS-CoV-2 is the name of the virus that causes COVID-19.
1	SARS	SARS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	CoV	CoV	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	flat	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	COVID	COVID	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	19	19	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | SARS | the name |  |  |  | of the virus | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | present | the virus | COVID |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition covid=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: abbreviation — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In some places SAR or SARs can mean other things, such as Hong Kong and Macau's status as Special Administrative Regions of China.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sars:m3:1
# text = In some places SAR or SARs can mean other things, such as Hong Kong and Macau's status as Special Administrative Regions of China.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
4	SAR	SAR	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	SARs	SARs	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	Hong	Hong	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	Kong	Kong	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	flat	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	Macau	Macau	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	's	's	PART	POS	_	17	case	_	_
19	status	status	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
20	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	Special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
22	Administrative	administrative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	Regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | SAR or SARs | other things |  |  |  | such Hong as Special Administrative Regions of China and Macau's status; in some places | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot thing=Theme in place=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
SARS was a dangerous illness that spread in 2003.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sars:x1:1
# text = SARS was a dangerous illness that spread in 2003.
1	SARS	SARS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	2003	2003	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | SARS | a dangerous illness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **spread** | past | a dangerous illness |  |  | 2003 |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 2003=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The SARS virus attacked people's lungs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sars:x2:1
# text = The SARS virus attacked people's lungs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	SARS	SARS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	attacked	attack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attack** | past | the SARS virus | people's lungs |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lung=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The virus that causes COVID-19 is called SARS-CoV-2.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sars:x3:1
# text = The virus that causes COVID-19 is called SARS-CoV-2.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	COVID	COVID	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	19	19	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	SARS	SARS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	CoV	CoV	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present | the virus | COVID |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition covid=Patient |
| 2 | **call** | present · passive |  | the virus |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Doctors stopped SARS spreading with careful hygiene and quarantine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sars:x4:1
# text = Doctors stopped SARS spreading with careful hygiene and quarantine.
1	Doctors	doctor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl	_	_
3	SARS	sar	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	spreading	spread	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hygiene	hygiene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	quarantine	quarantine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | Doctors *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **sar** | present | Doctors |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **spread** | gerund | Doctors *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with careful hygiene and quarantine | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
SARS is short for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sars:x5:1
# text = SARS is short for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
1	SARS	sar	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	Severe	severe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	Acute	acute	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	Respiratory	Respiratory	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Syndrome	syndrome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; short *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists think SARS came from animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sars:x6:1
# text = Scientists think SARS came from animals.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	SARS	SARS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present | Scientists |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | past | SARS |  |  |  |  | from animals | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from animal=Initial\_Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hand-washing helps protect against viruses like SARS.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sars:x7:1
# text = Hand-washing helps protect against viruses like SARS.
1	Hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	washing	washing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	SARS	SARS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Hand washing |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **protect** | infinitive | Hand washing *not said here* |  |  |  |  | against viruses like SARS | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent against virus=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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